Unraveling the biology, effects and management methods of Sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agriculture
Sclerotium rolfsii is an economically important soil-borne fungal pathogen that affects various crops worldwide, causing diseases such as blight, collar rot, crown rot, damping-off, Sclerotium wilt, and stem rot. It primarily attacks stems but can also infect roots, fruits, petioles, leaves, and fl...
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TMKarpinski Publisher, Tomasz M. Karpiński
2025-04-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Biological Research |
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| author | Okon Godwin Okon Yakubu Ismaila Uwaidem Abdelhak Rhouma Ukponobong Effiong Antia Joseph Etim Okon Bright Frank Archibong |
| author_facet | Okon Godwin Okon Yakubu Ismaila Uwaidem Abdelhak Rhouma Ukponobong Effiong Antia Joseph Etim Okon Bright Frank Archibong |
| author_sort | Okon Godwin Okon |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Sclerotium rolfsii is an economically important soil-borne fungal pathogen that affects various crops worldwide, causing diseases such as blight, collar rot, crown rot, damping-off, Sclerotium wilt, and stem rot. It primarily attacks stems but can also infect roots, fruits, petioles, leaves, and flowers under favorable conditions. Initial symptoms include yellowing and wilting of leaves, followed by the appearance of white, fluffy mycelium on infected tissues and soil. The fungus forms round, white sclerotia that mature into dark brown or black structures resembling mustard seeds. These sclerotia enable S. rolfsii to survive unfavorable conditions for up to seven years in soil. The fungus has an extensive host range of over 500 species across 100 plant families. S. rolfsii thrives at or near the soil line. Before penetrating host tissue, it produces a considerable mass of mycelium on the plant surface over 2 to 10 days. The pathogen secretes enzymes that degrade the host's outer cell layer, leading to tissue decay, further mycelium production, and sclerotia formation. Managing S. rolfsii is challenging due to its broad host range and persistent sclerotia. Biological control methods have been explored, focusing on bacterial and fungal antagonists. Pseudomonas and Bacillus species have been studied for their ability to inhibit hyphal growth and reduce sclerotia germination. Additionally, antagonistic fungi, including Gliocladium virens, G. roseum, Glomus fascicatum, Penicillium pinophilum, Gigaspora margarita, and various arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, have shown promise in suppressing S. rolfsii.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15288417
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f0dae99e6a64dbb91441b92b9e85236 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2449-8955 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | TMKarpinski Publisher, Tomasz M. Karpiński |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Biological Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f0dae99e6a64dbb91441b92b9e852362025-08-20T03:14:02ZengTMKarpinski Publisher, Tomasz M. KarpińskiEuropean Journal of Biological Research2449-89552025-04-01151Unraveling the biology, effects and management methods of Sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agricultureOkon Godwin Okon0Yakubu Ismaila Uwaidem1Abdelhak Rhouma2Ukponobong Effiong Antia3Joseph Etim Okon4Bright Frank Archibong5Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Akwa Ibom State University, NigeriaDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Akwa Ibom State University, NigeriaRegional Centre of Agricultural Research of Sidi Bouzid, CRRA, Gafsa Road Km 6, B.P. 357, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, TunisiaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Akwa Ibom State University, NigeriaDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Akwa Ibom State University, NigeriaDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria Sclerotium rolfsii is an economically important soil-borne fungal pathogen that affects various crops worldwide, causing diseases such as blight, collar rot, crown rot, damping-off, Sclerotium wilt, and stem rot. It primarily attacks stems but can also infect roots, fruits, petioles, leaves, and flowers under favorable conditions. Initial symptoms include yellowing and wilting of leaves, followed by the appearance of white, fluffy mycelium on infected tissues and soil. The fungus forms round, white sclerotia that mature into dark brown or black structures resembling mustard seeds. These sclerotia enable S. rolfsii to survive unfavorable conditions for up to seven years in soil. The fungus has an extensive host range of over 500 species across 100 plant families. S. rolfsii thrives at or near the soil line. Before penetrating host tissue, it produces a considerable mass of mycelium on the plant surface over 2 to 10 days. The pathogen secretes enzymes that degrade the host's outer cell layer, leading to tissue decay, further mycelium production, and sclerotia formation. Managing S. rolfsii is challenging due to its broad host range and persistent sclerotia. Biological control methods have been explored, focusing on bacterial and fungal antagonists. Pseudomonas and Bacillus species have been studied for their ability to inhibit hyphal growth and reduce sclerotia germination. Additionally, antagonistic fungi, including Gliocladium virens, G. roseum, Glomus fascicatum, Penicillium pinophilum, Gigaspora margarita, and various arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, have shown promise in suppressing S. rolfsii. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15288417 https://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/759Athelia rolfsiiBlightMyceliumGrey rot fungusSclerotiaSclerotium rolfsii |
| spellingShingle | Okon Godwin Okon Yakubu Ismaila Uwaidem Abdelhak Rhouma Ukponobong Effiong Antia Joseph Etim Okon Bright Frank Archibong Unraveling the biology, effects and management methods of Sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agriculture European Journal of Biological Research Athelia rolfsii Blight Mycelium Grey rot fungus Sclerotia Sclerotium rolfsii |
| title | Unraveling the biology, effects and management methods of Sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agriculture |
| title_full | Unraveling the biology, effects and management methods of Sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agriculture |
| title_fullStr | Unraveling the biology, effects and management methods of Sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling the biology, effects and management methods of Sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agriculture |
| title_short | Unraveling the biology, effects and management methods of Sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agriculture |
| title_sort | unraveling the biology effects and management methods of sclerotium rolfsii infection in plants for sustainable agriculture |
| topic | Athelia rolfsii Blight Mycelium Grey rot fungus Sclerotia Sclerotium rolfsii |
| url | https://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/759 |
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