Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh Produce

The global consumption of fresh and ready-to-eat (RTE) fruits and vegetables has surged due to increasing awareness of their nutritional benefits. However, this trend has been accompanied by a rise in foodborne illness outbreaks linked to microbial contamination. This narrative review synthesizes cu...

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Main Authors: Ayman Elbehiry, Eman Marzouk, Feras Alzaben, Abdulaziz Almuaither, Banan Abead, Mohammed Alamri, Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini, Akram Abu-Okail
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1447
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author Ayman Elbehiry
Eman Marzouk
Feras Alzaben
Abdulaziz Almuaither
Banan Abead
Mohammed Alamri
Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini
Akram Abu-Okail
author_facet Ayman Elbehiry
Eman Marzouk
Feras Alzaben
Abdulaziz Almuaither
Banan Abead
Mohammed Alamri
Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini
Akram Abu-Okail
author_sort Ayman Elbehiry
collection DOAJ
description The global consumption of fresh and ready-to-eat (RTE) fruits and vegetables has surged due to increasing awareness of their nutritional benefits. However, this trend has been accompanied by a rise in foodborne illness outbreaks linked to microbial contamination. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the prevalence and diversity of foodborne pathogens in fresh produce, including bacterial, viral, and fungal agents. It critically evaluates both conventional and emerging detection methods, ranging from culture-based techniques and immunoassays to advanced molecular diagnostics, biosensors, flow cytometry (FC), and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Additionally, this review discusses cutting-edge control strategies, such as natural antifungal agents, essential oils, biocontrol methods, and non-thermal technologies like cold plasma and UV-C treatment. Emphasis is placed on sampling methodologies, sustainability, One Health perspectives, and regulatory considerations. By highlighting recent technological advances and their limitations, this review aims to support the development of integrated, effective, and safe microbial control approaches for the fresh produce supply chain.
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series Microorganisms
spelling doaj-art-1f0d3bbef5f7425b96b9b09380aacde92025-08-20T02:47:14ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-06-01137144710.3390/microorganisms13071447Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh ProduceAyman Elbehiry0Eman Marzouk1Feras Alzaben2Abdulaziz Almuaither3Banan Abead4Mohammed Alamri5Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini6Akram Abu-Okail7Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6666, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6666, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Food Service, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi ArabiaFirst Air Defense Group, Department of Nutrition, Riyadh 13624, Saudi ArabiaSupport Service Department, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi ArabiaFamily & Community Medicine Department, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaThe global consumption of fresh and ready-to-eat (RTE) fruits and vegetables has surged due to increasing awareness of their nutritional benefits. However, this trend has been accompanied by a rise in foodborne illness outbreaks linked to microbial contamination. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the prevalence and diversity of foodborne pathogens in fresh produce, including bacterial, viral, and fungal agents. It critically evaluates both conventional and emerging detection methods, ranging from culture-based techniques and immunoassays to advanced molecular diagnostics, biosensors, flow cytometry (FC), and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Additionally, this review discusses cutting-edge control strategies, such as natural antifungal agents, essential oils, biocontrol methods, and non-thermal technologies like cold plasma and UV-C treatment. Emphasis is placed on sampling methodologies, sustainability, One Health perspectives, and regulatory considerations. By highlighting recent technological advances and their limitations, this review aims to support the development of integrated, effective, and safe microbial control approaches for the fresh produce supply chain.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1447foodborne pathogensfresh producemicrobial safetyrapid detectionpublic health
spellingShingle Ayman Elbehiry
Eman Marzouk
Feras Alzaben
Abdulaziz Almuaither
Banan Abead
Mohammed Alamri
Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini
Akram Abu-Okail
Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh Produce
Microorganisms
foodborne pathogens
fresh produce
microbial safety
rapid detection
public health
title Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh Produce
title_full Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh Produce
title_fullStr Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh Produce
title_full_unstemmed Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh Produce
title_short Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh Produce
title_sort emerging technologies and integrated strategies for microbial detection and control in fresh produce
topic foodborne pathogens
fresh produce
microbial safety
rapid detection
public health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1447
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