A Traceable Calibration for Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements in Air and Water
Calibration is crucial in quantitative analysis, ensuring the traceability of standards for an accurate comparison of results. In mercury determinations, a gas calibrator unit containing liquid mercury is used for calibration by injecting headspace volumes via syringe. The Dumarey equation has been...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/421 |
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| author | Teodor D. Andron Warren T. Corns Matthew A. Dexter Igor Živković Jože Kotnik Milena Horvat |
| author_facet | Teodor D. Andron Warren T. Corns Matthew A. Dexter Igor Živković Jože Kotnik Milena Horvat |
| author_sort | Teodor D. Andron |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Calibration is crucial in quantitative analysis, ensuring the traceability of standards for an accurate comparison of results. In mercury determinations, a gas calibrator unit containing liquid mercury is used for calibration by injecting headspace volumes via syringe. The Dumarey equation has been used for over 35 years to calculate mercury headspace concentration, aligning closely with saturated vapor pressure equations. However, the 2006 Huber equation yields different values, creating discrepancies. This paper compares calibrations using the Dumarey equations against NIST 3133 certified reference material, with detection by a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer (CV-AFS). The gas standard was injected directly, while Hg<sup>II</sup> in NIST 3133 was reduced to Hg<sup>0</sup> and captured on gold traps. Across 10–24 °C, the Hg<sup>0</sup> concentration was determined, with uncertainties ranging from 2.9% to 8.4% for a coverage factor of two. No significant differences were found between calibrations using NIST 3133 and the Dumarey equation. These findings provide crucial insights into the traceability and accuracy of mercury calibration methods, ensuring the reliability of measurements used for environmental monitoring and regulatory compliance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f0be10077e9444ca50e47ad5bbccfbd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f0be10077e9444ca50e47ad5bbccfbd2025-08-20T03:14:16ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-04-0116442110.3390/atmos16040421A Traceable Calibration for Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements in Air and WaterTeodor D. Andron0Warren T. Corns1Matthew A. Dexter2Igor Živković3Jože Kotnik4Milena Horvat5Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaP S Analytical, Arthur House, Crayfields Industrial Estate, Main Road, Orpington, Kent BR5 3HP, UKP S Analytical, Arthur House, Crayfields Industrial Estate, Main Road, Orpington, Kent BR5 3HP, UKJožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaJožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaJožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaCalibration is crucial in quantitative analysis, ensuring the traceability of standards for an accurate comparison of results. In mercury determinations, a gas calibrator unit containing liquid mercury is used for calibration by injecting headspace volumes via syringe. The Dumarey equation has been used for over 35 years to calculate mercury headspace concentration, aligning closely with saturated vapor pressure equations. However, the 2006 Huber equation yields different values, creating discrepancies. This paper compares calibrations using the Dumarey equations against NIST 3133 certified reference material, with detection by a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer (CV-AFS). The gas standard was injected directly, while Hg<sup>II</sup> in NIST 3133 was reduced to Hg<sup>0</sup> and captured on gold traps. Across 10–24 °C, the Hg<sup>0</sup> concentration was determined, with uncertainties ranging from 2.9% to 8.4% for a coverage factor of two. No significant differences were found between calibrations using NIST 3133 and the Dumarey equation. These findings provide crucial insights into the traceability and accuracy of mercury calibration methods, ensuring the reliability of measurements used for environmental monitoring and regulatory compliance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/421mercurymetrologyuncertainty |
| spellingShingle | Teodor D. Andron Warren T. Corns Matthew A. Dexter Igor Živković Jože Kotnik Milena Horvat A Traceable Calibration for Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements in Air and Water Atmosphere mercury metrology uncertainty |
| title | A Traceable Calibration for Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements in Air and Water |
| title_full | A Traceable Calibration for Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements in Air and Water |
| title_fullStr | A Traceable Calibration for Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements in Air and Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Traceable Calibration for Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements in Air and Water |
| title_short | A Traceable Calibration for Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements in Air and Water |
| title_sort | traceable calibration for gaseous elemental mercury measurements in air and water |
| topic | mercury metrology uncertainty |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/421 |
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