Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive review

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophage therapy represents a promising new frontier in cancer immunotherapy, with the potential to overcome the limitations of CAR-T cell approaches, particularly in solid tumours. This comprehensive review focuses on the current state and future prospects of CAR m...

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Main Authors: Ahsen Morva, Ana Belén Arroyo, Liudmila Andreeva, Ana Tapia-Abellán, Ginés Luengo-Gil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1615760/full
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author Ahsen Morva
Ahsen Morva
Ana Belén Arroyo
Ana Belén Arroyo
Liudmila Andreeva
Ana Tapia-Abellán
Ana Tapia-Abellán
Ginés Luengo-Gil
Ginés Luengo-Gil
author_facet Ahsen Morva
Ahsen Morva
Ana Belén Arroyo
Ana Belén Arroyo
Liudmila Andreeva
Ana Tapia-Abellán
Ana Tapia-Abellán
Ginés Luengo-Gil
Ginés Luengo-Gil
author_sort Ahsen Morva
collection DOAJ
description Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophage therapy represents a promising new frontier in cancer immunotherapy, with the potential to overcome the limitations of CAR-T cell approaches, particularly in solid tumours. This comprehensive review focuses on the current state and future prospects of CAR macrophage technology, emphasising its applications in solid malignancies across preclinical and early clinical development. The key topics covered included CAR design optimisation, macrophage sources and engineering strategies, mechanisms of antitumour activity, in vivo efficacy in animal models, initial clinical trial results, and challenges for broader implementation. The unique properties of macrophages, including tumour penetration and microenvironment modulation, offer significant advantages over T cell-based therapies in solid-tumour settings. However, strategies to enhance persistence, maintain proinflammatory phenotypes, and improve manufacturing are required. Although early research suggests additional applications beyond oncology, including for infectious and inflammatory diseases, this review primarily concentrates on the oncologic potential of CAR-M therapies. Continued optimisation and larger randomised trials will be critical to establish clinical efficacy and define the role of this approach in the treatment of solid tumours.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1664-3224
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-1ef8a1db9c844ef7be33736f92f202b22025-08-20T03:46:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-06-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16157601615760Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive reviewAhsen Morva0Ahsen Morva1Ana Belén Arroyo2Ana Belén Arroyo3Liudmila Andreeva4Ana Tapia-Abellán5Ana Tapia-Abellán6Ginés Luengo-Gil7Ginés Luengo-Gil8Biotechnology Research Group, Climat & Life Sciences, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, TürkiyeTransplant Immunology Research Center of Excellence TIREX, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, TürkiyePathology Department, Santa Lucía University General Hospital, Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research (IMIB), Cartagena, SpainHealth Sciences Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, SpainStructural Immuno-Oncology Research Group, Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyPathology Department, Santa Lucía University General Hospital, Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research (IMIB), Cartagena, SpainImmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, SpainPathology Department, Santa Lucía University General Hospital, Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research (IMIB), Cartagena, SpainHealth Sciences Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, SpainChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophage therapy represents a promising new frontier in cancer immunotherapy, with the potential to overcome the limitations of CAR-T cell approaches, particularly in solid tumours. This comprehensive review focuses on the current state and future prospects of CAR macrophage technology, emphasising its applications in solid malignancies across preclinical and early clinical development. The key topics covered included CAR design optimisation, macrophage sources and engineering strategies, mechanisms of antitumour activity, in vivo efficacy in animal models, initial clinical trial results, and challenges for broader implementation. The unique properties of macrophages, including tumour penetration and microenvironment modulation, offer significant advantages over T cell-based therapies in solid-tumour settings. However, strategies to enhance persistence, maintain proinflammatory phenotypes, and improve manufacturing are required. Although early research suggests additional applications beyond oncology, including for infectious and inflammatory diseases, this review primarily concentrates on the oncologic potential of CAR-M therapies. Continued optimisation and larger randomised trials will be critical to establish clinical efficacy and define the role of this approach in the treatment of solid tumours.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1615760/fullCAR-Mchimeric antigen receptormacrophagescellular immunotherapyadvances in research
spellingShingle Ahsen Morva
Ahsen Morva
Ana Belén Arroyo
Ana Belén Arroyo
Liudmila Andreeva
Ana Tapia-Abellán
Ana Tapia-Abellán
Ginés Luengo-Gil
Ginés Luengo-Gil
Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive review
Frontiers in Immunology
CAR-M
chimeric antigen receptor
macrophages
cellular immunotherapy
advances in research
title Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive review
title_full Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive review
title_fullStr Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive review
title_full_unstemmed Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive review
title_short Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive review
title_sort unleashing the power of car m therapy in solid tumors a comprehensive review
topic CAR-M
chimeric antigen receptor
macrophages
cellular immunotherapy
advances in research
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1615760/full
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