Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging
Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignancies in the world. This lethality persists due to lack of effective and efficient treatment strategies. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy which has a high incidence rate and contributes to o...
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Wiley-VCH
2025-01-01
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| Series: | ChemistryOpen |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400232 |
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| author | Yoghalakshmi Nagarajan Natarajan Chandrasekaran Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi |
| author_facet | Yoghalakshmi Nagarajan Natarajan Chandrasekaran Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi |
| author_sort | Yoghalakshmi Nagarajan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignancies in the world. This lethality persists due to lack of effective and efficient treatment strategies. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy which has a high incidence rate and contributes to overall cancer fatalities. As of 2022, pancreatic cancer contributes to about 3 % of all cancers globally. Over the years, research has characterised germline predisposition, the origin cell, precursor lesions, genetic alterations, structural alterations, transcriptional changes, tumour heterogeneity, metastatic progression, and the tumour microenvironment, which has improved the understanding of PDAC carcinogenesis. By using molecular‐based target therapies, these fundamental advancements support primary prevention, screening, early detection, and treatment. The focus of this review is the use of targeted nanoparticles as an alternative to conventional pancreatic cancer treatment due to the various side effects of the latter. The principles of nanoparticle based cancer therapy is efficient targeting of tumour cells via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects and decrease the chemotherapy side effects due to their non‐specificity. To increase the efficiency of existing therapies and modify target nanoparticles, several molecular markers of pancreatic cancer cells have been identified. Thus pancreatic cancer cells can be detected using appropriately functionalized nanoparticles with specific signalling molecules. Once cancer has been identified, these nanoparticles can kill the tumour by inducing hyperthermia, medication delivery, immunotherapy or gene therapy. As potent co‐delivery methods for adjuvants and tumor‐associated antigens; nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated significant promise as delivery vehicles in cancer therapy. This ensures the precise internalization of the functionalized nanoparticle and thus also activates the immune system effectively against tumor cells. This review also discusses the immunological factors behind the uptake of functionalized nanoparticles in cancer therapies. Theranostics, which combine imaging and therapeutic chemicals in a single nanocarrier, are the next generation of medicines. Pancreatic cancer treatment may be revolutionised by the development of a tailored nanocarrier with diagnostic, therapeutic, and imaging capabilities. It is extremely difficult to incorporate various therapeutic modalities into a single nanocarrier without compromising the individual functionalities. Surface modification of nanocarriers with antibodies or proteins will enable to attain multifunctionality which increases the efficiency of pancreatic cancer therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ef121b627d94445972041cf681997a9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2191-1363 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ChemistryOpen |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ef121b627d94445972041cf681997a92025-01-11T07:54:10ZengWiley-VCHChemistryOpen2191-13632025-01-01141n/an/a10.1002/open.202400232Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular ImagingYoghalakshmi Nagarajan0Natarajan Chandrasekaran1Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi2Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER) Tamil Nadu Chennai 600116 IndiaSenior Professor & Former Director Centre for Nanobiotechnology Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam road Tamil Nadu Katpadi Vellore 632014Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER) Tamil Nadu Chennai 600116 IndiaAbstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignancies in the world. This lethality persists due to lack of effective and efficient treatment strategies. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy which has a high incidence rate and contributes to overall cancer fatalities. As of 2022, pancreatic cancer contributes to about 3 % of all cancers globally. Over the years, research has characterised germline predisposition, the origin cell, precursor lesions, genetic alterations, structural alterations, transcriptional changes, tumour heterogeneity, metastatic progression, and the tumour microenvironment, which has improved the understanding of PDAC carcinogenesis. By using molecular‐based target therapies, these fundamental advancements support primary prevention, screening, early detection, and treatment. The focus of this review is the use of targeted nanoparticles as an alternative to conventional pancreatic cancer treatment due to the various side effects of the latter. The principles of nanoparticle based cancer therapy is efficient targeting of tumour cells via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects and decrease the chemotherapy side effects due to their non‐specificity. To increase the efficiency of existing therapies and modify target nanoparticles, several molecular markers of pancreatic cancer cells have been identified. Thus pancreatic cancer cells can be detected using appropriately functionalized nanoparticles with specific signalling molecules. Once cancer has been identified, these nanoparticles can kill the tumour by inducing hyperthermia, medication delivery, immunotherapy or gene therapy. As potent co‐delivery methods for adjuvants and tumor‐associated antigens; nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated significant promise as delivery vehicles in cancer therapy. This ensures the precise internalization of the functionalized nanoparticle and thus also activates the immune system effectively against tumor cells. This review also discusses the immunological factors behind the uptake of functionalized nanoparticles in cancer therapies. Theranostics, which combine imaging and therapeutic chemicals in a single nanocarrier, are the next generation of medicines. Pancreatic cancer treatment may be revolutionised by the development of a tailored nanocarrier with diagnostic, therapeutic, and imaging capabilities. It is extremely difficult to incorporate various therapeutic modalities into a single nanocarrier without compromising the individual functionalities. Surface modification of nanocarriers with antibodies or proteins will enable to attain multifunctionality which increases the efficiency of pancreatic cancer therapy.https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400232Targeted therapyImmunotherapyNanomedicineTheranosticsFunctionalized nanoparticlesPancreatic cancer |
| spellingShingle | Yoghalakshmi Nagarajan Natarajan Chandrasekaran Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging ChemistryOpen Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Nanomedicine Theranostics Functionalized nanoparticles Pancreatic cancer |
| title | Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging |
| title_full | Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging |
| title_fullStr | Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging |
| title_short | Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging |
| title_sort | functionalized nanomaterials in pancreatic cancer theranostics and molecular imaging |
| topic | Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Nanomedicine Theranostics Functionalized nanoparticles Pancreatic cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400232 |
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