Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-medication in Riobamba, Ecuador based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale

Self-medication (SM) is a significant public health problem in Riobamba, Ecuador, characterized by the use of drugs without a prescription. This practice carries risks such as inappropriate drug use and antimicrobial resistance. This study assesses the prevalence, associated factors, and attitudes t...

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Main Authors: Lizbeth Geovanna Silva-Guayasamín, Zully Mayra Romero-Orellana, Lisbeth Josefina Reales-Chacón, Isaac Germán Pérez-Vargas, Sulema de la Caridad Hernández-Batista, Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suárez, María José López-Pino, Josselyn Gabriela Bonilla-Ayala
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of New Mexico 2025-04-01
Series:Neutrosophic Sets and Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/1StudyKnowledge.pdf
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author Lizbeth Geovanna Silva-Guayasamín
Zully Mayra Romero-Orellana
Lisbeth Josefina Reales-Chacón
Isaac Germán Pérez-Vargas
Sulema de la Caridad Hernández-Batista
Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suárez
María José López-Pino
Josselyn Gabriela Bonilla-Ayala
author_facet Lizbeth Geovanna Silva-Guayasamín
Zully Mayra Romero-Orellana
Lisbeth Josefina Reales-Chacón
Isaac Germán Pérez-Vargas
Sulema de la Caridad Hernández-Batista
Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suárez
María José López-Pino
Josselyn Gabriela Bonilla-Ayala
author_sort Lizbeth Geovanna Silva-Guayasamín
collection DOAJ
description Self-medication (SM) is a significant public health problem in Riobamba, Ecuador, characterized by the use of drugs without a prescription. This practice carries risks such as inappropriate drug use and antimicrobial resistance. This study assesses the prevalence, associated factors, and attitudes towards SM in Riobamba. To do so, data were collected from 383 city residents, who also responded to a survey. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we asked respondents to answer some questions based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale. In this way, people can evaluate each of the different opinions, thus obtaining a more reliable result of the person's opinion, compared to the classic Likert scale. In addition, the Neutrosophic Similarity theory is used to convert the responses to a nominal scale.
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issn 2331-6055
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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record_format Article
series Neutrosophic Sets and Systems
spelling doaj-art-1ee096eaec3e41218b1dd63e380ee5bc2025-08-25T10:09:08ZengUniversity of New MexicoNeutrosophic Sets and Systems2331-60552331-608X2025-04-018011010.5281/zenodo.14648358Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-medication in Riobamba, Ecuador based on an Indeterminate Likert ScaleLizbeth Geovanna Silva-GuayasamínZully Mayra Romero-OrellanaLisbeth Josefina Reales-ChacónIsaac Germán Pérez-VargasSulema de la Caridad Hernández-BatistaCarlos Antonio Escobar-SuárezMaría José López-PinoJosselyn Gabriela Bonilla-AyalaSelf-medication (SM) is a significant public health problem in Riobamba, Ecuador, characterized by the use of drugs without a prescription. This practice carries risks such as inappropriate drug use and antimicrobial resistance. This study assesses the prevalence, associated factors, and attitudes towards SM in Riobamba. To do so, data were collected from 383 city residents, who also responded to a survey. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we asked respondents to answer some questions based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale. In this way, people can evaluate each of the different opinions, thus obtaining a more reliable result of the person's opinion, compared to the classic Likert scale. In addition, the Neutrosophic Similarity theory is used to convert the responses to a nominal scale. https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/1StudyKnowledge.pdfself-medicationpublic healthindeterminate likert scaletriple refined indeterminate neutrosophic set (trins)neutrosophic similarity
spellingShingle Lizbeth Geovanna Silva-Guayasamín
Zully Mayra Romero-Orellana
Lisbeth Josefina Reales-Chacón
Isaac Germán Pérez-Vargas
Sulema de la Caridad Hernández-Batista
Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suárez
María José López-Pino
Josselyn Gabriela Bonilla-Ayala
Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-medication in Riobamba, Ecuador based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale
Neutrosophic Sets and Systems
self-medication
public health
indeterminate likert scale
triple refined indeterminate neutrosophic set (trins)
neutrosophic similarity
title Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-medication in Riobamba, Ecuador based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale
title_full Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-medication in Riobamba, Ecuador based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale
title_fullStr Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-medication in Riobamba, Ecuador based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale
title_full_unstemmed Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-medication in Riobamba, Ecuador based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale
title_short Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-medication in Riobamba, Ecuador based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale
title_sort study of knowledge attitude and practice of self medication in riobamba ecuador based on an indeterminate likert scale
topic self-medication
public health
indeterminate likert scale
triple refined indeterminate neutrosophic set (trins)
neutrosophic similarity
url https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/1StudyKnowledge.pdf
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