Immunization information systems’ implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literature
Introduction Immunization Information Systems (IISs) are essential public health tools, supporting the management and analysis of vaccination data to aid clinical and strategic decision-making.Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review investigated global state and operational chara...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Expert Review of Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2510338 |
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| author | Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi Elena Maggioni Laura Clavario Lorenzo Clerico Mosina Eleonora Raso Corina Marjin Andrea Parrini Matteo Carbone Simone Fugazza Alberto Marchisio Manuela Martella Giansanto Mosconi Giuseppina Lo Moro Fabrizio Bert Corrado De Vito Roberta Siliquini Anna Odone |
| author_facet | Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi Elena Maggioni Laura Clavario Lorenzo Clerico Mosina Eleonora Raso Corina Marjin Andrea Parrini Matteo Carbone Simone Fugazza Alberto Marchisio Manuela Martella Giansanto Mosconi Giuseppina Lo Moro Fabrizio Bert Corrado De Vito Roberta Siliquini Anna Odone |
| author_sort | Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Immunization Information Systems (IISs) are essential public health tools, supporting the management and analysis of vaccination data to aid clinical and strategic decision-making.Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review investigated global state and operational characteristics of IISs. A comprehensive search across multiple databases up to 6th of June 2023, identified 2,612 articles, with 238 included.Results A significant increase in IIS research was observed in recent years, with a strong preference (84.5%) for electronic immunization registers (EIRs). Notably, 36% of IISs operate at the national level, and 47.7% meet the U.S. CDC definition, 17.0% are interoperable with personal health records, and 11.7% provide direct access to vaccination data for vaccinees or their guardians. Other key features include automated reminder systems for recipients and providers (12.1%), near real-time or real-time data entry (11.0%), the inclusion of demographic and socioeconomic data (16.7%), and the capacity to document vaccine refusal or hesitancy (10.2%).Conclusions IISs contribute to improving population-level surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Persistent limitations related to data standardization, interoperability, and cost-effectiveness evaluation must be addressed. Strengthening these aspects is crucial to fully harness the potential of IISs in various healthcare settings, where enhanced vaccination tracking and targeting are most urgently needed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1edd31029eba4d67b6904a83bfb1c77b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1476-0584 1744-8395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Expert Review of Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-1edd31029eba4d67b6904a83bfb1c77b2025-08-20T03:35:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupExpert Review of Vaccines1476-05841744-83952025-12-0124166870210.1080/14760584.2025.2510338Immunization information systems’ implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literatureGiacomo Pietro Vigezzi0Elena Maggioni1Laura Clavario2Lorenzo Clerico Mosina3Eleonora Raso4Corina Marjin5Andrea Parrini6Matteo Carbone7Simone Fugazza8Alberto Marchisio9Manuela Martella10Giansanto Mosconi11Giuseppina Lo Moro12Fabrizio Bert13Corrado De Vito14Roberta Siliquini15Anna Odone16Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyIntroduction Immunization Information Systems (IISs) are essential public health tools, supporting the management and analysis of vaccination data to aid clinical and strategic decision-making.Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review investigated global state and operational characteristics of IISs. A comprehensive search across multiple databases up to 6th of June 2023, identified 2,612 articles, with 238 included.Results A significant increase in IIS research was observed in recent years, with a strong preference (84.5%) for electronic immunization registers (EIRs). Notably, 36% of IISs operate at the national level, and 47.7% meet the U.S. CDC definition, 17.0% are interoperable with personal health records, and 11.7% provide direct access to vaccination data for vaccinees or their guardians. Other key features include automated reminder systems for recipients and providers (12.1%), near real-time or real-time data entry (11.0%), the inclusion of demographic and socioeconomic data (16.7%), and the capacity to document vaccine refusal or hesitancy (10.2%).Conclusions IISs contribute to improving population-level surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Persistent limitations related to data standardization, interoperability, and cost-effectiveness evaluation must be addressed. Strengthening these aspects is crucial to fully harness the potential of IISs in various healthcare settings, where enhanced vaccination tracking and targeting are most urgently needed.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2510338Immunization information systemvaccinesimmunization programvaccination hesitancymandatory vaccination |
| spellingShingle | Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi Elena Maggioni Laura Clavario Lorenzo Clerico Mosina Eleonora Raso Corina Marjin Andrea Parrini Matteo Carbone Simone Fugazza Alberto Marchisio Manuela Martella Giansanto Mosconi Giuseppina Lo Moro Fabrizio Bert Corrado De Vito Roberta Siliquini Anna Odone Immunization information systems’ implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literature Expert Review of Vaccines Immunization information system vaccines immunization program vaccination hesitancy mandatory vaccination |
| title | Immunization information systems’ implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literature |
| title_full | Immunization information systems’ implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literature |
| title_fullStr | Immunization information systems’ implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunization information systems’ implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literature |
| title_short | Immunization information systems’ implementation and characteristics across the world: a systematic review of the literature |
| title_sort | immunization information systems implementation and characteristics across the world a systematic review of the literature |
| topic | Immunization information system vaccines immunization program vaccination hesitancy mandatory vaccination |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2510338 |
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