High Strength–Ductility Synergy of As-Cast B2-Containing AlNbTaTiZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Intermediate and Dynamic Strain Rates

Understanding the mechanical behavior of materials under various strain-rate regimes is critical for many scientific and engineering applications. Accordingly, this study investigates the strain-rate-dependent compressive mechanical behavior of B2-containing (TiZrNb)<sub>79.5</sub>(TaAl)...

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Main Authors: Hashim Naseer, Yangwei Wang, Muhammad Abubaker Khan, Jamieson Brechtl, Mohamed A. Afifi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/3/249
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author Hashim Naseer
Yangwei Wang
Muhammad Abubaker Khan
Jamieson Brechtl
Mohamed A. Afifi
author_facet Hashim Naseer
Yangwei Wang
Muhammad Abubaker Khan
Jamieson Brechtl
Mohamed A. Afifi
author_sort Hashim Naseer
collection DOAJ
description Understanding the mechanical behavior of materials under various strain-rate regimes is critical for many scientific and engineering applications. Accordingly, this study investigates the strain-rate-dependent compressive mechanical behavior of B2-containing (TiZrNb)<sub>79.5</sub>(TaAl)<sub>20.5</sub> refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) at room temperature. The RHEA is prepared by vacuum arc melting and is tested over intermediate (1.0 × 10<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 1.0 s<sup>−1</sup>) and dynamic (1.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 2.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 2.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 3.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, and 3.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) strain rates. The alloy characterized as hybrid body-centered-cubic (BCC)/B2 nanostructure reveals an exceptional yield strength (YS) of ~1437 MPa and a fracture strain exceeding 90% at an intermediate (1.0 s<sup>−1</sup>) strain rate. The YS increases to ~1797 MPa under dynamic strain-rate (3.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) loadings, which is a ~25 % improvement in strength compared with the deformation at the intermediate strain rate. Microstructural analysis of the deformed specimens reveals the severity of dislocation activity with strain and strain rate that evolves from fine dislocation bands to the formation of localized adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) at the strain rate 3.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Consequently, the RHEA fracture features mixed ductile–brittle morphology. Overall, the RHEA exhibits excellent strength–ductility synergy over a wide strain-rate domain. The study enhances understanding of the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of B2-containing RHEA, which is significant for alloy processes and impact resistance applications.
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spelling doaj-art-1ed79141faab466482cb94cc4d6db7052025-08-20T01:48:53ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-02-0115324910.3390/met15030249High Strength–Ductility Synergy of As-Cast B2-Containing AlNbTaTiZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Intermediate and Dynamic Strain RatesHashim Naseer0Yangwei Wang1Muhammad Abubaker Khan2Jamieson Brechtl3Mohamed A. Afifi4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaBuildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USAMechanical Engineering Program, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza 12677, EgyptUnderstanding the mechanical behavior of materials under various strain-rate regimes is critical for many scientific and engineering applications. Accordingly, this study investigates the strain-rate-dependent compressive mechanical behavior of B2-containing (TiZrNb)<sub>79.5</sub>(TaAl)<sub>20.5</sub> refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) at room temperature. The RHEA is prepared by vacuum arc melting and is tested over intermediate (1.0 × 10<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 1.0 s<sup>−1</sup>) and dynamic (1.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 2.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 2.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 3.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, and 3.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) strain rates. The alloy characterized as hybrid body-centered-cubic (BCC)/B2 nanostructure reveals an exceptional yield strength (YS) of ~1437 MPa and a fracture strain exceeding 90% at an intermediate (1.0 s<sup>−1</sup>) strain rate. The YS increases to ~1797 MPa under dynamic strain-rate (3.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) loadings, which is a ~25 % improvement in strength compared with the deformation at the intermediate strain rate. Microstructural analysis of the deformed specimens reveals the severity of dislocation activity with strain and strain rate that evolves from fine dislocation bands to the formation of localized adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) at the strain rate 3.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Consequently, the RHEA fracture features mixed ductile–brittle morphology. Overall, the RHEA exhibits excellent strength–ductility synergy over a wide strain-rate domain. The study enhances understanding of the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of B2-containing RHEA, which is significant for alloy processes and impact resistance applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/3/249refractory high-entropy alloyhybrid BCC/B2 nanohybridordered B2 structureintermediate strain ratedynamic impact loadings
spellingShingle Hashim Naseer
Yangwei Wang
Muhammad Abubaker Khan
Jamieson Brechtl
Mohamed A. Afifi
High Strength–Ductility Synergy of As-Cast B2-Containing AlNbTaTiZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Intermediate and Dynamic Strain Rates
Metals
refractory high-entropy alloy
hybrid BCC/B2 nanohybrid
ordered B2 structure
intermediate strain rate
dynamic impact loadings
title High Strength–Ductility Synergy of As-Cast B2-Containing AlNbTaTiZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Intermediate and Dynamic Strain Rates
title_full High Strength–Ductility Synergy of As-Cast B2-Containing AlNbTaTiZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Intermediate and Dynamic Strain Rates
title_fullStr High Strength–Ductility Synergy of As-Cast B2-Containing AlNbTaTiZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Intermediate and Dynamic Strain Rates
title_full_unstemmed High Strength–Ductility Synergy of As-Cast B2-Containing AlNbTaTiZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Intermediate and Dynamic Strain Rates
title_short High Strength–Ductility Synergy of As-Cast B2-Containing AlNbTaTiZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Intermediate and Dynamic Strain Rates
title_sort high strength ductility synergy of as cast b2 containing alnbtatizr refractory high entropy alloy under intermediate and dynamic strain rates
topic refractory high-entropy alloy
hybrid BCC/B2 nanohybrid
ordered B2 structure
intermediate strain rate
dynamic impact loadings
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/3/249
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