Older Jehovah’s Witnesses with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax as a Transfusion-Sparing Approach

The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in Jehovah’s Witness (JW) patients poses unique challenges due to their refusal of blood transfusions. This case series reports the outcomes of four older JW patients with AML treated with azacitidine (Aza) and venetoclax (Ven), including two with hyperl...

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Main Authors: Aditi Sharma, Danielle Blake, Jay Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Hemato
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6357/6/2/16
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author Aditi Sharma
Danielle Blake
Jay Yang
author_facet Aditi Sharma
Danielle Blake
Jay Yang
author_sort Aditi Sharma
collection DOAJ
description The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in Jehovah’s Witness (JW) patients poses unique challenges due to their refusal of blood transfusions. This case series reports the outcomes of four older JW patients with AML treated with azacitidine (Aza) and venetoclax (Ven), including two with hyperleukocytosis and FLT3-ITD mutations. Three patients achieved initial remission; one of these patients subsequently received gilteritinib in combination with Ven and Aza, also achieving remission. All but one therapy cycle was administered in an outpatient setting, and hematologic recovery occurred in all patients without bleeding, ischemic events, or fungal infections. Three patients experienced disease relapse at 179, 301, and 392 days post-diagnosis, while one patient remains alive 706 days post-diagnosis. This report is among the first to demonstrate that Ven and Aza can safely achieve remissions, some of which were durable, in older JW patients with AML, even those with proliferative features like hyperleukocytosis and FLT3-ITD mutations. Our central finding is that Ven and Aza represent safe and effective transfusion-sparing therapeutic options in this population, with triplet therapy incorporating gilteritinib also proving feasible with dose modifications. These findings underscore the clinical relevance of such approaches, suggesting that transfusion refusal should not preclude treatment initiation, offering meaningful clinical outcomes and potentially enhancing quality of life in this population.
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spelling doaj-art-1eb7f41f4d484e6fb768669cd45ea1752025-08-20T03:24:40ZengMDPI AGHemato2673-63572025-06-01621610.3390/hemato6020016Older Jehovah’s Witnesses with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax as a Transfusion-Sparing ApproachAditi Sharma0Danielle Blake1Jay Yang2Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USAThe treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in Jehovah’s Witness (JW) patients poses unique challenges due to their refusal of blood transfusions. This case series reports the outcomes of four older JW patients with AML treated with azacitidine (Aza) and venetoclax (Ven), including two with hyperleukocytosis and FLT3-ITD mutations. Three patients achieved initial remission; one of these patients subsequently received gilteritinib in combination with Ven and Aza, also achieving remission. All but one therapy cycle was administered in an outpatient setting, and hematologic recovery occurred in all patients without bleeding, ischemic events, or fungal infections. Three patients experienced disease relapse at 179, 301, and 392 days post-diagnosis, while one patient remains alive 706 days post-diagnosis. This report is among the first to demonstrate that Ven and Aza can safely achieve remissions, some of which were durable, in older JW patients with AML, even those with proliferative features like hyperleukocytosis and FLT3-ITD mutations. Our central finding is that Ven and Aza represent safe and effective transfusion-sparing therapeutic options in this population, with triplet therapy incorporating gilteritinib also proving feasible with dose modifications. These findings underscore the clinical relevance of such approaches, suggesting that transfusion refusal should not preclude treatment initiation, offering meaningful clinical outcomes and potentially enhancing quality of life in this population.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6357/6/2/16AMLacute myeloid leukemiaJehovah’s Witnessvenetoclaxhypomethylating agentazacitidine
spellingShingle Aditi Sharma
Danielle Blake
Jay Yang
Older Jehovah’s Witnesses with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax as a Transfusion-Sparing Approach
Hemato
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
Jehovah’s Witness
venetoclax
hypomethylating agent
azacitidine
title Older Jehovah’s Witnesses with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax as a Transfusion-Sparing Approach
title_full Older Jehovah’s Witnesses with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax as a Transfusion-Sparing Approach
title_fullStr Older Jehovah’s Witnesses with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax as a Transfusion-Sparing Approach
title_full_unstemmed Older Jehovah’s Witnesses with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax as a Transfusion-Sparing Approach
title_short Older Jehovah’s Witnesses with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax as a Transfusion-Sparing Approach
title_sort older jehovah s witnesses with acute myeloid leukemia hypomethylating agents and venetoclax as a transfusion sparing approach
topic AML
acute myeloid leukemia
Jehovah’s Witness
venetoclax
hypomethylating agent
azacitidine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6357/6/2/16
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