Algorithm for Acoustic Wavefield in Space-Wavenumber Domain of Vertically Heterogeneous Media Using NUFFT

Balancing efficiency and accuracy is often challenging in the numerical solution of three-dimensional (3D) point source acoustic wave equations for layered media. To overcome this, an efficient solution method in the spatial-wavenumber domain is proposed, utilizing the Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Trans...

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Main Authors: Ying Zhang, Shikun Dai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/571
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author Ying Zhang
Shikun Dai
author_facet Ying Zhang
Shikun Dai
author_sort Ying Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Balancing efficiency and accuracy is often challenging in the numerical solution of three-dimensional (3D) point source acoustic wave equations for layered media. To overcome this, an efficient solution method in the spatial-wavenumber domain is proposed, utilizing the Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transform (NUFFT) to achieve arbitrary non-uniform sampling. By performing a two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform on the 3D acoustic wave equation in the horizontal direction, the 3D equation is transformed into a one-dimensional (1D) space-wavenumber-domain ordinary differential equation, effectively simplifying significant 3D problems into one-dimensional problems and significantly reducing the demand for memory. The one-dimensional finite-element method is applied to solve the boundary value problem, resulting in a pentadiagonal system of equations. The Thomas algorithm then efficiently solves the system, yielding the layered wavefield distribution in the space-wavenumber domain. Finally, the wavefield distribution in the spatial domain is reconstructed through a 2D inverse Fourier transform. The correctness of the algorithm was verified by comparing it with the finite-element method. The analysis of the half-space model shows that this method can accurately calculate the wavefield distribution in the air layer considering the air layer while exhibiting high efficiency and computational stability in ultra-large-scale models. The three-layer medium model test further verified the adaptability and accuracy of the algorithm in calculating the distribution of acoustic waves in layered media. Through a sensitivity analysis, it is shown that the denser the mesh node partitioning, the higher the medium velocity, and the lower the point source frequency, the higher the accuracy of the algorithm. An algorithm efficiency analysis shows that this method has extremely low memory usage and high computational efficiency and can quickly solve large-scale models even on personal computers. Compared with traditional FEM, the algorithm has much higher advantages in terms of memory usage and efficiency. This method provides a new approach to the numerical solution of partial differential equations. It lays an essential foundation for background field calculation in the scattering seismic numerical simulation and full-waveform inversion of acoustic waves, with strong theoretical significance and practical application value.
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spelling doaj-art-1eb6ba141a384e4388248be16a2db4f62025-08-20T02:44:53ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-02-0113457110.3390/math13040571Algorithm for Acoustic Wavefield in Space-Wavenumber Domain of Vertically Heterogeneous Media Using NUFFTYing Zhang0Shikun Dai1Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaBalancing efficiency and accuracy is often challenging in the numerical solution of three-dimensional (3D) point source acoustic wave equations for layered media. To overcome this, an efficient solution method in the spatial-wavenumber domain is proposed, utilizing the Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transform (NUFFT) to achieve arbitrary non-uniform sampling. By performing a two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform on the 3D acoustic wave equation in the horizontal direction, the 3D equation is transformed into a one-dimensional (1D) space-wavenumber-domain ordinary differential equation, effectively simplifying significant 3D problems into one-dimensional problems and significantly reducing the demand for memory. The one-dimensional finite-element method is applied to solve the boundary value problem, resulting in a pentadiagonal system of equations. The Thomas algorithm then efficiently solves the system, yielding the layered wavefield distribution in the space-wavenumber domain. Finally, the wavefield distribution in the spatial domain is reconstructed through a 2D inverse Fourier transform. The correctness of the algorithm was verified by comparing it with the finite-element method. The analysis of the half-space model shows that this method can accurately calculate the wavefield distribution in the air layer considering the air layer while exhibiting high efficiency and computational stability in ultra-large-scale models. The three-layer medium model test further verified the adaptability and accuracy of the algorithm in calculating the distribution of acoustic waves in layered media. Through a sensitivity analysis, it is shown that the denser the mesh node partitioning, the higher the medium velocity, and the lower the point source frequency, the higher the accuracy of the algorithm. An algorithm efficiency analysis shows that this method has extremely low memory usage and high computational efficiency and can quickly solve large-scale models even on personal computers. Compared with traditional FEM, the algorithm has much higher advantages in terms of memory usage and efficiency. This method provides a new approach to the numerical solution of partial differential equations. It lays an essential foundation for background field calculation in the scattering seismic numerical simulation and full-waveform inversion of acoustic waves, with strong theoretical significance and practical application value.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/571acoustic wavenumerical simulationpoint sourcelayer modelspace-wavenumber domain
spellingShingle Ying Zhang
Shikun Dai
Algorithm for Acoustic Wavefield in Space-Wavenumber Domain of Vertically Heterogeneous Media Using NUFFT
Mathematics
acoustic wave
numerical simulation
point source
layer model
space-wavenumber domain
title Algorithm for Acoustic Wavefield in Space-Wavenumber Domain of Vertically Heterogeneous Media Using NUFFT
title_full Algorithm for Acoustic Wavefield in Space-Wavenumber Domain of Vertically Heterogeneous Media Using NUFFT
title_fullStr Algorithm for Acoustic Wavefield in Space-Wavenumber Domain of Vertically Heterogeneous Media Using NUFFT
title_full_unstemmed Algorithm for Acoustic Wavefield in Space-Wavenumber Domain of Vertically Heterogeneous Media Using NUFFT
title_short Algorithm for Acoustic Wavefield in Space-Wavenumber Domain of Vertically Heterogeneous Media Using NUFFT
title_sort algorithm for acoustic wavefield in space wavenumber domain of vertically heterogeneous media using nufft
topic acoustic wave
numerical simulation
point source
layer model
space-wavenumber domain
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/571
work_keys_str_mv AT yingzhang algorithmforacousticwavefieldinspacewavenumberdomainofverticallyheterogeneousmediausingnufft
AT shikundai algorithmforacousticwavefieldinspacewavenumberdomainofverticallyheterogeneousmediausingnufft