Pre-test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic-based risk score

Background: The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) 2021 Chest Pain Guidelines introduced a new pre-test probability (PTP) model for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The model recommends a 15 % risk cut-off for referral for further testing. Whether addition...

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Main Authors: Louise H Bjerking, Samuel E Schmidt, Kim W Skak-Hansen, Simon Winther, Morten Böttcher, Søren Galatius, Eva Prescott
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Cardiology: Heart & Vasculature
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352906725000752
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author Louise H Bjerking
Samuel E Schmidt
Kim W Skak-Hansen
Simon Winther
Morten Böttcher
Søren Galatius
Eva Prescott
author_facet Louise H Bjerking
Samuel E Schmidt
Kim W Skak-Hansen
Simon Winther
Morten Böttcher
Søren Galatius
Eva Prescott
author_sort Louise H Bjerking
collection DOAJ
description Background: The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) 2021 Chest Pain Guidelines introduced a new pre-test probability (PTP) model for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The model recommends a 15 % risk cut-off for referral for further testing. Whether addition of a risk score measured from acoustic detection of coronary turbulence obtained by the noninvasive device CADScor®System (CAD-score) improves the AHA/ACC-PTP capability to assign the correct risk category has not been tested. Methods: Patients with symptoms suggestive of CAD referred for coronary CT angiography and undergoing a same-day CAD-score were included. PTP was calculated based on sex, age, and symptoms. All patients with suspected stenosis on CT angiography were referred for invasive angiography. A CAD-score ≤ 20 was used as cut-off for low likelihood of CAD. Results: The study population consisted of 2874 patients (47 % women, median age [IQR] 58 [52–65] years). PTP categorized 2044 (71 %) of patients as > 15 % amongst whom 387 (18.9 %) were re-classified to low likelihood by a CAD-score ≤ 20. In patients aged < 70 without hypertension, 37 % were re-classified to low probability. Of the 830 patients with low PTP ≤ 15 %, 68.7 % had a CAD-score ≤ 20 indicating a deferred testing strategy. Conclusion: Adding an acoustic-based CAD-score to the PTP in patients with AHA/ACC defined-PTP > 15 % risk can reduce the number of diagnostic tests by overall 19 %, and 37 % in subgroups, and may support cost-effective clinical decision-making. Moreover, CAD-score may aid risk stratification in patients, particularly with AHA/ACC-PTP ≤ 15 %.
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spelling doaj-art-1eaec43af8644191b07c18d1c73e4ac82025-08-20T02:31:00ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Cardiology: Heart & Vasculature2352-90672025-06-015810167210.1016/j.ijcha.2025.101672Pre-test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic-based risk scoreLouise H Bjerking0Samuel E Schmidt1Kim W Skak-Hansen2Simon Winther3Morten Böttcher4Søren Galatius5Eva Prescott6Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.Department of Health Science and Technology, Biomedical Engineering &amp; Informatics, Aalborg University, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, DenmarkBackground: The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) 2021 Chest Pain Guidelines introduced a new pre-test probability (PTP) model for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The model recommends a 15 % risk cut-off for referral for further testing. Whether addition of a risk score measured from acoustic detection of coronary turbulence obtained by the noninvasive device CADScor®System (CAD-score) improves the AHA/ACC-PTP capability to assign the correct risk category has not been tested. Methods: Patients with symptoms suggestive of CAD referred for coronary CT angiography and undergoing a same-day CAD-score were included. PTP was calculated based on sex, age, and symptoms. All patients with suspected stenosis on CT angiography were referred for invasive angiography. A CAD-score ≤ 20 was used as cut-off for low likelihood of CAD. Results: The study population consisted of 2874 patients (47 % women, median age [IQR] 58 [52–65] years). PTP categorized 2044 (71 %) of patients as > 15 % amongst whom 387 (18.9 %) were re-classified to low likelihood by a CAD-score ≤ 20. In patients aged < 70 without hypertension, 37 % were re-classified to low probability. Of the 830 patients with low PTP ≤ 15 %, 68.7 % had a CAD-score ≤ 20 indicating a deferred testing strategy. Conclusion: Adding an acoustic-based CAD-score to the PTP in patients with AHA/ACC defined-PTP > 15 % risk can reduce the number of diagnostic tests by overall 19 %, and 37 % in subgroups, and may support cost-effective clinical decision-making. Moreover, CAD-score may aid risk stratification in patients, particularly with AHA/ACC-PTP ≤ 15 %.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352906725000752Chronic coronary syndromeCoronary artery diseaseHeart soundPre-test probabilityRisk stratification
spellingShingle Louise H Bjerking
Samuel E Schmidt
Kim W Skak-Hansen
Simon Winther
Morten Böttcher
Søren Galatius
Eva Prescott
Pre-test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic-based risk score
International Journal of Cardiology: Heart & Vasculature
Chronic coronary syndrome
Coronary artery disease
Heart sound
Pre-test probability
Risk stratification
title Pre-test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic-based risk score
title_full Pre-test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic-based risk score
title_fullStr Pre-test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic-based risk score
title_full_unstemmed Pre-test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic-based risk score
title_short Pre-test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic-based risk score
title_sort pre test probability estimation of coronary artery disease can be improved by adding an acoustic based risk score
topic Chronic coronary syndrome
Coronary artery disease
Heart sound
Pre-test probability
Risk stratification
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352906725000752
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