Comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a Varian TrueBeam Linac
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of peripheral doses outside electron-beam applicators in Varian TrueBeam linacs. Method: Peripheral doses outside the electron applicator were measured for 6-, 9- and 12-MeV beams at the maximum dose depth (Dmax) for each energy source and at a source-to...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Radiation Medicine and Protection |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555724000844 |
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| author | Kapil Dev Maharaj Mahsheed Sabet Joshua Dass Mounir Ibrahim Talat Mahmood Pejman Rowshanfarzad |
| author_facet | Kapil Dev Maharaj Mahsheed Sabet Joshua Dass Mounir Ibrahim Talat Mahmood Pejman Rowshanfarzad |
| author_sort | Kapil Dev Maharaj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To investigate the characteristics of peripheral doses outside electron-beam applicators in Varian TrueBeam linacs. Method: Peripheral doses outside the electron applicator were measured for 6-, 9- and 12-MeV beams at the maximum dose depth (Dmax) for each energy source and at a source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm. Measurements were performed using EBT3 films in solid water phantoms. The impact of field size on the penumbra width and peripheral doses was studied using various cutouts, including 3 cm × 3 cm, 6 cm × 6 cm, and 10 cm × 10 cm in a 10 cm × 10 cm applicator with the gantry and collimator at 0°. The influence of the applicator size was investigated using a circular cutout of 5 cm in diameter for various applicator sizes, including 6 cm × 6 cm, 10 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, and 25 cm × 25 cm, at Dmax for each energy, while keeping the gantry and collimator angle at 0°. The measured dose profiles were compared with the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) predicted dose profiles. The effect of varying gantry angles (0°, 90°, and 270°) for a 3 cm × 3 cm cutout in a 10 cm × 10 cm applicator for each energy source and varying collimator angles (0°, 90°, and 270°) for a 10 cm × 10 cm field were investigated to determine their effects on the penumbra widths and peripheral doses. Results: Both the penumbra width and peripheral dose values increased with energy across different field sizes, gantry angles, collimator angles, and applicator sizes. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) analysis indicated minimal differences between the measured profiles and TPS data. Peripheral doses remained below 5% of the maximum dose approximately 10–15 mm away from the field edges, suggesting the potential for implementing additional shielding where required. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of considering peripheral doses in electron radiotherapy. It is important to note the impact on healthy tissues beyond the treatment area to ensure patient safety and prevent the long-term side effects of treatment. These findings emphasize the necessity of implementing appropriate measures to minimize peripheral doses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1eae3b27d48f493cb303578c60190e9a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-5557 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Radiation Medicine and Protection |
| spelling | doaj-art-1eae3b27d48f493cb303578c60190e9a2025-02-12T05:32:53ZengElsevierRadiation Medicine and Protection2666-55572025-02-01612836Comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a Varian TrueBeam LinacKapil Dev Maharaj0Mahsheed Sabet1Joshua Dass2Mounir Ibrahim3Talat Mahmood4Pejman Rowshanfarzad5School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Corresponding author.School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Advanced Technologies in Cancer Research (CATCR), Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Advanced Technologies in Cancer Research (CATCR), Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, AustraliaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, AustraliaSchool of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Advanced Technologies in Cancer Research (CATCR), Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaObjective: To investigate the characteristics of peripheral doses outside electron-beam applicators in Varian TrueBeam linacs. Method: Peripheral doses outside the electron applicator were measured for 6-, 9- and 12-MeV beams at the maximum dose depth (Dmax) for each energy source and at a source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm. Measurements were performed using EBT3 films in solid water phantoms. The impact of field size on the penumbra width and peripheral doses was studied using various cutouts, including 3 cm × 3 cm, 6 cm × 6 cm, and 10 cm × 10 cm in a 10 cm × 10 cm applicator with the gantry and collimator at 0°. The influence of the applicator size was investigated using a circular cutout of 5 cm in diameter for various applicator sizes, including 6 cm × 6 cm, 10 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, and 25 cm × 25 cm, at Dmax for each energy, while keeping the gantry and collimator angle at 0°. The measured dose profiles were compared with the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) predicted dose profiles. The effect of varying gantry angles (0°, 90°, and 270°) for a 3 cm × 3 cm cutout in a 10 cm × 10 cm applicator for each energy source and varying collimator angles (0°, 90°, and 270°) for a 10 cm × 10 cm field were investigated to determine their effects on the penumbra widths and peripheral doses. Results: Both the penumbra width and peripheral dose values increased with energy across different field sizes, gantry angles, collimator angles, and applicator sizes. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) analysis indicated minimal differences between the measured profiles and TPS data. Peripheral doses remained below 5% of the maximum dose approximately 10–15 mm away from the field edges, suggesting the potential for implementing additional shielding where required. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of considering peripheral doses in electron radiotherapy. It is important to note the impact on healthy tissues beyond the treatment area to ensure patient safety and prevent the long-term side effects of treatment. These findings emphasize the necessity of implementing appropriate measures to minimize peripheral doses.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555724000844Peripheral doseElectron therapyApplicatorVarian TrueBeamLinacOut-of-field |
| spellingShingle | Kapil Dev Maharaj Mahsheed Sabet Joshua Dass Mounir Ibrahim Talat Mahmood Pejman Rowshanfarzad Comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a Varian TrueBeam Linac Radiation Medicine and Protection Peripheral dose Electron therapy Applicator Varian TrueBeam Linac Out-of-field |
| title | Comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a Varian TrueBeam Linac |
| title_full | Comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a Varian TrueBeam Linac |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a Varian TrueBeam Linac |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a Varian TrueBeam Linac |
| title_short | Comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a Varian TrueBeam Linac |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of peripheral dose in electron beam therapy with a varian truebeam linac |
| topic | Peripheral dose Electron therapy Applicator Varian TrueBeam Linac Out-of-field |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555724000844 |
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