Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants
Forest plantations in the Neotropics aim to alleviate pressure on primary forests. This study synthesizes knowledge on pine species used in these plantations, emphasizing the challenges and potential of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria as inoculants. An analysis of 98 articles identifies 23 pine s...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Yajaira Baeza-Guzmán Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde Dora Trejo-Aguilar Noé Manuel Montaño |
| author_facet | Yajaira Baeza-Guzmán Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde Dora Trejo-Aguilar Noé Manuel Montaño |
| author_sort | Yajaira Baeza-Guzmán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Forest plantations in the Neotropics aim to alleviate pressure on primary forests. This study synthesizes knowledge on pine species used in these plantations, emphasizing the challenges and potential of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria as inoculants. An analysis of 98 articles identifies 23 pine species in Mexico and Central America and about 16 fast-growing species in South America. While pine plantations provide a habitat for generalist species, they reduce the richness of specialist species. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacterial diversity in plantations with introduced pines is up to 20% lower compared to native ecosystems. <i>Suillus</i> and <i>Hebeloma</i> are commonly used as mycorrhizal inoculants for Neotropical and introduced species, including <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> and <i>Pinus radiata</i> in South America. Commercial inoculants predominantly feature the fungal species <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i>, alongside bacterial genera such as <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Cohnella</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>. This study emphasizes the importance of leveraging native microbial communities and their synergistic interactions with ECM fungi and bacteria to enhance seedling growth and quality. Such a combined approach can improve plantation survival, boost resilience to environmental stressors, and promote long-term productivity. These findings underscore the need to incorporate native fungi and bacteria into inoculant strategies, advancing sustainable forestry practices and ecosystem adaptation in the Neotropics. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ea7fe73330f4d0baf7142716651d09e2025-08-20T02:33:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-05-0111539310.3390/jof11050393Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as InoculantsYajaira Baeza-Guzmán0Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde1Dora Trejo-Aguilar2Noé Manuel Montaño3Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltráns/n, Zona Universitaria, Xalapa 91090, MexicoDepartamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, MexicoForest plantations in the Neotropics aim to alleviate pressure on primary forests. This study synthesizes knowledge on pine species used in these plantations, emphasizing the challenges and potential of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria as inoculants. An analysis of 98 articles identifies 23 pine species in Mexico and Central America and about 16 fast-growing species in South America. While pine plantations provide a habitat for generalist species, they reduce the richness of specialist species. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacterial diversity in plantations with introduced pines is up to 20% lower compared to native ecosystems. <i>Suillus</i> and <i>Hebeloma</i> are commonly used as mycorrhizal inoculants for Neotropical and introduced species, including <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> and <i>Pinus radiata</i> in South America. Commercial inoculants predominantly feature the fungal species <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i>, alongside bacterial genera such as <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Cohnella</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>. This study emphasizes the importance of leveraging native microbial communities and their synergistic interactions with ECM fungi and bacteria to enhance seedling growth and quality. Such a combined approach can improve plantation survival, boost resilience to environmental stressors, and promote long-term productivity. These findings underscore the need to incorporate native fungi and bacteria into inoculant strategies, advancing sustainable forestry practices and ecosystem adaptation in the Neotropics.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/393diversity<i>Pinus</i>reforestationseedling qualitysustainable forest management |
| spellingShingle | Yajaira Baeza-Guzmán Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde Dora Trejo-Aguilar Noé Manuel Montaño Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants Journal of Fungi diversity <i>Pinus</i> reforestation seedling quality sustainable forest management |
| title | Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants |
| title_full | Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants |
| title_fullStr | Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants |
| title_short | Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants |
| title_sort | pine forest plantations in the neotropics challenges and potential use of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria as inoculants |
| topic | diversity <i>Pinus</i> reforestation seedling quality sustainable forest management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/393 |
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