Risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord: A retrospective study
Objective: To investigate the pregnancy outcomes and independent risk factors associated with true knots of the umbilical cord (TKUC). Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 8140 deliveries at Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Mothers and newborns diagnos...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1028455924002754 |
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| author | Shouzhen Chen Zhaozhen Liu Qian Lin Liping Huang |
| author_facet | Shouzhen Chen Zhaozhen Liu Qian Lin Liping Huang |
| author_sort | Shouzhen Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To investigate the pregnancy outcomes and independent risk factors associated with true knots of the umbilical cord (TKUC). Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 8140 deliveries at Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Mothers and newborns diagnosed with TKUC were included in the TKUC group, while the others were included in the control group. The data were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical record system. Multiple pregnancies were excluded. Results: The incidence of TKUC was 0.61 %. The TKUC group had significantly higher proportions of advanced maternal age, multiparae and mothers with more than two pregnancies (P < 0.05). The neonates in the TKUC group were more male, had longer lengths and umbilical cords, heavier placentas, and a higher incidence of umbilical cord entanglement (P < 0.05). In terms of pregnancy outcomes, the TKUC group exhibited higher rates of cesarean section and preterm birth (P < 0.001; P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in birthweight, Apgar scores, stillbirth rate, and neonatal malformation rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results of logistic regression indicated that multiparae (OR = 1.386, P = 0.001), male fetus (OR = 1.499, P < 0.001), excessive long umbilical cord (OR = 11.022, P < 0.001), and umbilical cord entanglement (OR = 1.284, P = 0.019) were risk factors for TKUC. Conclusion: Male fetus, multiparae, umbilical cord entanglement, and especially excessively long umbilical cord were identified as independent risk factors for TKUC. TKUC had a minimal impact on the newborn's condition at birth, while it's associated with higher rates of cesarean section and preterm birth. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ea67e0163bc44ce8177de06ff76c8ef |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1028-4559 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ea67e0163bc44ce8177de06ff76c8ef2025-01-09T06:12:49ZengElsevierTaiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology1028-45592025-01-016414045Risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord: A retrospective studyShouzhen Chen0Zhaozhen Liu1Qian Lin2Liping Huang3Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China; Corresponding author.Hospital Infection-Control Department, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China; Corresponding author. Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, No.568 Banzhong Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China.Objective: To investigate the pregnancy outcomes and independent risk factors associated with true knots of the umbilical cord (TKUC). Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 8140 deliveries at Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Mothers and newborns diagnosed with TKUC were included in the TKUC group, while the others were included in the control group. The data were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical record system. Multiple pregnancies were excluded. Results: The incidence of TKUC was 0.61 %. The TKUC group had significantly higher proportions of advanced maternal age, multiparae and mothers with more than two pregnancies (P < 0.05). The neonates in the TKUC group were more male, had longer lengths and umbilical cords, heavier placentas, and a higher incidence of umbilical cord entanglement (P < 0.05). In terms of pregnancy outcomes, the TKUC group exhibited higher rates of cesarean section and preterm birth (P < 0.001; P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in birthweight, Apgar scores, stillbirth rate, and neonatal malformation rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results of logistic regression indicated that multiparae (OR = 1.386, P = 0.001), male fetus (OR = 1.499, P < 0.001), excessive long umbilical cord (OR = 11.022, P < 0.001), and umbilical cord entanglement (OR = 1.284, P = 0.019) were risk factors for TKUC. Conclusion: Male fetus, multiparae, umbilical cord entanglement, and especially excessively long umbilical cord were identified as independent risk factors for TKUC. TKUC had a minimal impact on the newborn's condition at birth, while it's associated with higher rates of cesarean section and preterm birth.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1028455924002754True knotUmbilical cordPregnancy outcomesRisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Shouzhen Chen Zhaozhen Liu Qian Lin Liping Huang Risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord: A retrospective study Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology True knot Umbilical cord Pregnancy outcomes Risk factors |
| title | Risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord: A retrospective study |
| title_full | Risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord: A retrospective study |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord: A retrospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord: A retrospective study |
| title_short | Risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord: A retrospective study |
| title_sort | risk factors and outcomes associated with true knots of the umbilical cord a retrospective study |
| topic | True knot Umbilical cord Pregnancy outcomes Risk factors |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1028455924002754 |
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