Effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation: an sEMG analysis of the multifidus and erector spinae

Background The paraspinal muscles, such as the multifidus muscles and erector spinae muscles, play an important role in trunk stabilization and pelvic mobility during gait. Understanding how they are activated according to the speed of locomotion can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patient...

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Main Authors: Aleksandra Bryndal, Wojciech Nawos-Wysocki, Agnieszka Grochulska, Karol Łosiński, Sebastian Glowinski
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Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-04-01
Series:PeerJ
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/19244.pdf
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author Aleksandra Bryndal
Wojciech Nawos-Wysocki
Agnieszka Grochulska
Karol Łosiński
Sebastian Glowinski
author_facet Aleksandra Bryndal
Wojciech Nawos-Wysocki
Agnieszka Grochulska
Karol Łosiński
Sebastian Glowinski
author_sort Aleksandra Bryndal
collection DOAJ
description Background The paraspinal muscles, such as the multifidus muscles and erector spinae muscles, play an important role in trunk stabilization and pelvic mobility during gait. Understanding how they are activated according to the speed of locomotion can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these conditions. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the activity of postural muscles (multifidus and erector spinae) using surface electromyography (sEMG) across a range of gait speeds. Methods The study group consisted of 31 students of physiotherapy at the Pomeranian University in Słupsk, including 20 women (64.51%) and 11 men (35.48%). The research process included an interview and participation in the sEMG survey. The sEMG examination of the musculus erector spinae (MES) and musculus multifidus (MM) was carried out in the supine, standing position, while walking on a treadmill, maintaining speeds: 1 km/h, 3 km/h, 5 km/h and 6 km/h, for 60 s at each stage and at maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The percentage value of the amplitude of the sEMG recording in relation to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) was determined. The average rate of change in muscle activity was also assessed in relation to the respective changes in locomotion speed for MES and MM. Results The results show significant differences in the %MVIC parameter between sides (left vs right) for both muscle groups (MES and MM) in the supine position and in the standing position for the multifidus muscles. At the set speeds of 1 km/h, 3 km/h, 5 km/h and 6 km/h, the differences are not statistically significant. A decreasing trend in the rate of change in muscle activity was also observed for both muscle groups as gait speed increased. The most significant decrease is observed at average gait speeds of 3–5 km/h. Conclusions In the sEMG examination during rest, standing and walking, the activity of the right and left MES and MM muscles examined is not always equal. The activity of the muscles studied (MES and MM) increases with increasing gait speed. The rate of change in muscle activity decreases as gait speed increases.
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spelling doaj-art-1e9f9dfcba7f4b89a37a9cbb2fcd75322025-08-20T02:28:04ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-04-0113e1924410.7717/peerj.19244Effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation: an sEMG analysis of the multifidus and erector spinaeAleksandra Bryndal0Wojciech Nawos-Wysocki1Agnieszka Grochulska2Karol Łosiński3Sebastian Glowinski4Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Slupsk, PolandInstitute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Slupsk, PolandInstitute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Slupsk, PolandInstitute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Slupsk, PolandInstitute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Slupsk, PolandBackground The paraspinal muscles, such as the multifidus muscles and erector spinae muscles, play an important role in trunk stabilization and pelvic mobility during gait. Understanding how they are activated according to the speed of locomotion can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these conditions. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the activity of postural muscles (multifidus and erector spinae) using surface electromyography (sEMG) across a range of gait speeds. Methods The study group consisted of 31 students of physiotherapy at the Pomeranian University in Słupsk, including 20 women (64.51%) and 11 men (35.48%). The research process included an interview and participation in the sEMG survey. The sEMG examination of the musculus erector spinae (MES) and musculus multifidus (MM) was carried out in the supine, standing position, while walking on a treadmill, maintaining speeds: 1 km/h, 3 km/h, 5 km/h and 6 km/h, for 60 s at each stage and at maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The percentage value of the amplitude of the sEMG recording in relation to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) was determined. The average rate of change in muscle activity was also assessed in relation to the respective changes in locomotion speed for MES and MM. Results The results show significant differences in the %MVIC parameter between sides (left vs right) for both muscle groups (MES and MM) in the supine position and in the standing position for the multifidus muscles. At the set speeds of 1 km/h, 3 km/h, 5 km/h and 6 km/h, the differences are not statistically significant. A decreasing trend in the rate of change in muscle activity was also observed for both muscle groups as gait speed increased. The most significant decrease is observed at average gait speeds of 3–5 km/h. Conclusions In the sEMG examination during rest, standing and walking, the activity of the right and left MES and MM muscles examined is not always equal. The activity of the muscles studied (MES and MM) increases with increasing gait speed. The rate of change in muscle activity decreases as gait speed increases.https://peerj.com/articles/19244.pdfSurface electromyographysEMGGaitMuscle activityMusculus erector spinaeMusculus multifidus
spellingShingle Aleksandra Bryndal
Wojciech Nawos-Wysocki
Agnieszka Grochulska
Karol Łosiński
Sebastian Glowinski
Effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation: an sEMG analysis of the multifidus and erector spinae
PeerJ
Surface electromyography
sEMG
Gait
Muscle activity
Musculus erector spinae
Musculus multifidus
title Effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation: an sEMG analysis of the multifidus and erector spinae
title_full Effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation: an sEMG analysis of the multifidus and erector spinae
title_fullStr Effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation: an sEMG analysis of the multifidus and erector spinae
title_full_unstemmed Effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation: an sEMG analysis of the multifidus and erector spinae
title_short Effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation: an sEMG analysis of the multifidus and erector spinae
title_sort effects of gait speed on paraspinal muscle activation an semg analysis of the multifidus and erector spinae
topic Surface electromyography
sEMG
Gait
Muscle activity
Musculus erector spinae
Musculus multifidus
url https://peerj.com/articles/19244.pdf
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