An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fields

Driver drowsiness or fatigue is among the most important factors that cause traffic accidents; therefore, a monitoring system is necessary to detect the state of a driver drowsiness or fatigue. In this paper, an automated vision-based system for real-time prediction of driver drowsiness or fatigue i...

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Main Authors: Samy Bakheet, Ayoub Al-Hamadi, Abed Alanazi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Computer Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1437084/full
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author Samy Bakheet
Ayoub Al-Hamadi
Abed Alanazi
author_facet Samy Bakheet
Ayoub Al-Hamadi
Abed Alanazi
author_sort Samy Bakheet
collection DOAJ
description Driver drowsiness or fatigue is among the most important factors that cause traffic accidents; therefore, a monitoring system is necessary to detect the state of a driver drowsiness or fatigue. In this paper, an automated vision-based system for real-time prediction of driver drowsiness or fatigue is presented, in which multiple visual ocular features such as eye closure, eyebrow shape, eye blinking, and other perfectly defined geometric facial features are employed as robust cues for driver's drowsiness. In addition, an efficient scheme is applied to extract local Gabor features of driver images based on Fisher's quantum information. A novel Fisher-Gabor descriptor (FGD) is then constructed from the extracted features, which is invariant to scale and rotation and also robust to changes in illumination, noise, and minor changes in viewpoint. The normalized FGDs are ultimately fed to a Latent Dynamic Conditional Random Field (LDCRF) classification model to predict whether the driver is drowsy/fatigued and a warning signal is thus issued (if required). A series of intensive experiments conducted on the benchmark NTHU-DDD video dataset show that the proposed system can predict driver drowsiness or fatigue effectively and efficiently, exceeding several state-of-the art alternatives by achieving a competitive detection accuracy of 97.6%, while still preserving stringent real-time guarantees.
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spelling doaj-art-1e8e7be56199451fb6b2c83a258e20042025-08-20T02:19:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Computer Science2624-98982025-05-01710.3389/fcomp.2025.14370841437084An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fieldsSamy Bakheet0Ayoub Al-Hamadi1Abed Alanazi2Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi ArabiaOtto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg (IIKT), Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi ArabiaDriver drowsiness or fatigue is among the most important factors that cause traffic accidents; therefore, a monitoring system is necessary to detect the state of a driver drowsiness or fatigue. In this paper, an automated vision-based system for real-time prediction of driver drowsiness or fatigue is presented, in which multiple visual ocular features such as eye closure, eyebrow shape, eye blinking, and other perfectly defined geometric facial features are employed as robust cues for driver's drowsiness. In addition, an efficient scheme is applied to extract local Gabor features of driver images based on Fisher's quantum information. A novel Fisher-Gabor descriptor (FGD) is then constructed from the extracted features, which is invariant to scale and rotation and also robust to changes in illumination, noise, and minor changes in viewpoint. The normalized FGDs are ultimately fed to a Latent Dynamic Conditional Random Field (LDCRF) classification model to predict whether the driver is drowsy/fatigued and a warning signal is thus issued (if required). A series of intensive experiments conducted on the benchmark NTHU-DDD video dataset show that the proposed system can predict driver drowsiness or fatigue effectively and efficiently, exceeding several state-of-the art alternatives by achieving a competitive detection accuracy of 97.6%, while still preserving stringent real-time guarantees.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1437084/fulldrowsy driving predictionfisher-Gabor facial featuresLDCRF classificationNTHU-DDD datasetintelligent transportation systems
spellingShingle Samy Bakheet
Ayoub Al-Hamadi
Abed Alanazi
An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fields
Frontiers in Computer Science
drowsy driving prediction
fisher-Gabor facial features
LDCRF classification
NTHU-DDD dataset
intelligent transportation systems
title An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fields
title_full An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fields
title_fullStr An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fields
title_full_unstemmed An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fields
title_short An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fields
title_sort effective approach for real time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher gabor features and latent dynamic conditional random fields
topic drowsy driving prediction
fisher-Gabor facial features
LDCRF classification
NTHU-DDD dataset
intelligent transportation systems
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1437084/full
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