Human spindle-shaped urine-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GPX4

Abstract Background Severe hepatic steatosis can exacerbate Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), potentially leading to early graft dysfunction and primary non-function. In this study, we investigated the heterogeneity of different subpopulations of Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) to explore the most...

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Main Authors: Shangheng Shi, Cunle Zhu, Shangxuan Shi, Xinqiang Li, Imran Muhammad, Qingguo Xu, Xinwei Li, Ziyin Zhao, Huan Liu, Guangming Fu, Meiying Song, Xijian Huang, Feng Wang, Jinzhen Cai
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Stem Cell Research & Therapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04202-y
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author Shangheng Shi
Cunle Zhu
Shangxuan Shi
Xinqiang Li
Imran Muhammad
Qingguo Xu
Xinwei Li
Ziyin Zhao
Huan Liu
Guangming Fu
Meiying Song
Xijian Huang
Feng Wang
Jinzhen Cai
author_facet Shangheng Shi
Cunle Zhu
Shangxuan Shi
Xinqiang Li
Imran Muhammad
Qingguo Xu
Xinwei Li
Ziyin Zhao
Huan Liu
Guangming Fu
Meiying Song
Xijian Huang
Feng Wang
Jinzhen Cai
author_sort Shangheng Shi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Severe hepatic steatosis can exacerbate Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), potentially leading to early graft dysfunction and primary non-function. In this study, we investigated the heterogeneity of different subpopulations of Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) to explore the most suitable cell subtype for treating severe steatotic liver IRI. Methods This study utilized scRNA-seq and Bulk RNA-seq to investigate the transcriptional heterogeneity between Spindle-shaped USCs (SS-USCs) and Rice-shaped USCs (RS-USCs). Additionally, rat fatty Liver transplantation (LT) model, mouse fatty liver IRI model, and Steatotic Hepatocyte Hypoxia-Reoxygenation (SHP-HR) model were constructed. Extracellular vesicles derived from SS-USCs and RS-USCs were isolated and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. The therapeutic effects of Spindle-shaped USCs Exosomes (SS-USCs-Exo) and Rice-shaped USCs Exosomes (RS-USCs-Exo) were explored, elucidating their potential mechanisms in inhibiting ferroptosis and alleviating IRI. Results Multiple omics analyses confirmed that SS-USCs possess strong tissue repair and antioxidant capabilities, while RS-USCs have the potential to differentiate towards specific directions such as the kidney, nervous system, and skeletal system, particularly showing great application potential in renal system reconstruction. Further experiments demonstrated in vivo and in vitro models confirming that SS-USCs and SS-USCs-Exo significantly inhibit ferroptosis and alleviate severe fatty liver IRI, whereas the effects of RS-USCs/RS-USCs-Exo are less pronounced. Analysis comparing the proteomic differences between SS-USCs-Exo and RS-USCs-Exo revealed that SS-USCs-Exo primarily inhibit ferroptosis and improve cellular viability by secreting exosomes containing Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein. This highlights the most suitable cell subtype for treating severe fatty liver IRI. Conclusions SS-USCs possess strong tissue repair and antioxidant capabilities, primarily alleviating ferroptosis in the donor liver of fatty liver through the presence of GPX4 protein in their exosomes. This highlights SS-USCs as the most appropriate cell subtype for treating severe fatty liver IRI.
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spelling doaj-art-1e8a89fe025240bd829e73602f567a6d2025-08-20T03:10:55ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122025-02-0116111910.1186/s13287-025-04202-yHuman spindle-shaped urine-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GPX4Shangheng Shi0Cunle Zhu1Shangxuan Shi2Xinqiang Li3Imran Muhammad4Qingguo Xu5Xinwei Li6Ziyin Zhao7Huan Liu8Guangming Fu9Meiying Song10Xijian Huang11Feng Wang12Jinzhen Cai13Organ Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplant Center, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalShanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, Shanghai Tech UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityDepartment of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityOrgan Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityAbstract Background Severe hepatic steatosis can exacerbate Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), potentially leading to early graft dysfunction and primary non-function. In this study, we investigated the heterogeneity of different subpopulations of Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) to explore the most suitable cell subtype for treating severe steatotic liver IRI. Methods This study utilized scRNA-seq and Bulk RNA-seq to investigate the transcriptional heterogeneity between Spindle-shaped USCs (SS-USCs) and Rice-shaped USCs (RS-USCs). Additionally, rat fatty Liver transplantation (LT) model, mouse fatty liver IRI model, and Steatotic Hepatocyte Hypoxia-Reoxygenation (SHP-HR) model were constructed. Extracellular vesicles derived from SS-USCs and RS-USCs were isolated and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. The therapeutic effects of Spindle-shaped USCs Exosomes (SS-USCs-Exo) and Rice-shaped USCs Exosomes (RS-USCs-Exo) were explored, elucidating their potential mechanisms in inhibiting ferroptosis and alleviating IRI. Results Multiple omics analyses confirmed that SS-USCs possess strong tissue repair and antioxidant capabilities, while RS-USCs have the potential to differentiate towards specific directions such as the kidney, nervous system, and skeletal system, particularly showing great application potential in renal system reconstruction. Further experiments demonstrated in vivo and in vitro models confirming that SS-USCs and SS-USCs-Exo significantly inhibit ferroptosis and alleviate severe fatty liver IRI, whereas the effects of RS-USCs/RS-USCs-Exo are less pronounced. Analysis comparing the proteomic differences between SS-USCs-Exo and RS-USCs-Exo revealed that SS-USCs-Exo primarily inhibit ferroptosis and improve cellular viability by secreting exosomes containing Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein. This highlights the most suitable cell subtype for treating severe fatty liver IRI. Conclusions SS-USCs possess strong tissue repair and antioxidant capabilities, primarily alleviating ferroptosis in the donor liver of fatty liver through the presence of GPX4 protein in their exosomes. This highlights SS-USCs as the most appropriate cell subtype for treating severe fatty liver IRI.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04202-yUrine-derived stem cellsHeterogeneityExosomesFerroptosisIschemia–reperfusion injuryFatty liver
spellingShingle Shangheng Shi
Cunle Zhu
Shangxuan Shi
Xinqiang Li
Imran Muhammad
Qingguo Xu
Xinwei Li
Ziyin Zhao
Huan Liu
Guangming Fu
Meiying Song
Xijian Huang
Feng Wang
Jinzhen Cai
Human spindle-shaped urine-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GPX4
Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Urine-derived stem cells
Heterogeneity
Exosomes
Ferroptosis
Ischemia–reperfusion injury
Fatty liver
title Human spindle-shaped urine-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GPX4
title_full Human spindle-shaped urine-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GPX4
title_fullStr Human spindle-shaped urine-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GPX4
title_full_unstemmed Human spindle-shaped urine-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GPX4
title_short Human spindle-shaped urine-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GPX4
title_sort human spindle shaped urine derived stem cell exosomes alleviate severe fatty liver ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via gpx4
topic Urine-derived stem cells
Heterogeneity
Exosomes
Ferroptosis
Ischemia–reperfusion injury
Fatty liver
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04202-y
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