A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board

Abstract Calorimetry is crucial in biology, chemistry, physics, and pharmaceutical research, enabling the detection of heat changes at nanowatt and picowatt levels. However, traditional calorimetry systems are often limited by high costs and complex fabrication processes. Here, we reduce the cost an...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hanliang Zhu, Yue Zhang, Lan Wang, Jan Brodský, Imrich Gablech, Jianguo Feng, Qi-Long Yan, Shujie Yang, Luke P. Lee, Pavel Neuzil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58025-9
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