A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board

Abstract Calorimetry is crucial in biology, chemistry, physics, and pharmaceutical research, enabling the detection of heat changes at nanowatt and picowatt levels. However, traditional calorimetry systems are often limited by high costs and complex fabrication processes. Here, we reduce the cost an...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hanliang Zhu, Yue Zhang, Lan Wang, Jan Brodský, Imrich Gablech, Jianguo Feng, Qi-Long Yan, Shujie Yang, Luke P. Lee, Pavel Neuzil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58025-9
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850208093010395136
author Hanliang Zhu
Yue Zhang
Lan Wang
Jan Brodský
Imrich Gablech
Jianguo Feng
Qi-Long Yan
Shujie Yang
Luke P. Lee
Pavel Neuzil
author_facet Hanliang Zhu
Yue Zhang
Lan Wang
Jan Brodský
Imrich Gablech
Jianguo Feng
Qi-Long Yan
Shujie Yang
Luke P. Lee
Pavel Neuzil
author_sort Hanliang Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Calorimetry is crucial in biology, chemistry, physics, and pharmaceutical research, enabling the detection of heat changes at nanowatt and picowatt levels. However, traditional calorimetry systems are often limited by high costs and complex fabrication processes. Here, we reduce the cost and fabrication complexity of microcalorimeters by utilizing widely available flexible printed circuit manufacturing processes. This device achieves temperature and power resolutions of ≈ 6 μK and ≈ 654 pW in vacuum. Its feasibility is validated across a wide range of measurements, including salt crystallization, protein crystallization, and cellular metabolism. Our concept enhances the accessibility of microcalorimeters for high-resolution thermal analysis, which is challenging for conventional calorimeters.
format Article
id doaj-art-1e829678fdfb4d9c84bf3f17d4518741
institution OA Journals
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-1e829678fdfb4d9c84bf3f17d45187412025-08-20T02:10:19ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-58025-9A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit boardHanliang Zhu0Yue Zhang1Lan Wang2Jan Brodský3Imrich Gablech4Jianguo Feng5Qi-Long Yan6Shujie Yang7Luke P. Lee8Pavel Neuzil9Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityDepartment of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of TechnologyDepartment of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of TechnologySchool of Microelectronics, Hefei University of TechnologyScience and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermostructure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityHarvard Medical School, Harvard University; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical School, Harvard University; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s HospitalMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityAbstract Calorimetry is crucial in biology, chemistry, physics, and pharmaceutical research, enabling the detection of heat changes at nanowatt and picowatt levels. However, traditional calorimetry systems are often limited by high costs and complex fabrication processes. Here, we reduce the cost and fabrication complexity of microcalorimeters by utilizing widely available flexible printed circuit manufacturing processes. This device achieves temperature and power resolutions of ≈ 6 μK and ≈ 654 pW in vacuum. Its feasibility is validated across a wide range of measurements, including salt crystallization, protein crystallization, and cellular metabolism. Our concept enhances the accessibility of microcalorimeters for high-resolution thermal analysis, which is challenging for conventional calorimeters.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58025-9
spellingShingle Hanliang Zhu
Yue Zhang
Lan Wang
Jan Brodský
Imrich Gablech
Jianguo Feng
Qi-Long Yan
Shujie Yang
Luke P. Lee
Pavel Neuzil
A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board
Nature Communications
title A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board
title_full A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board
title_fullStr A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board
title_full_unstemmed A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board
title_short A low-cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board
title_sort low cost picowatt calorimeter using a flexible printed circuit board
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58025-9
work_keys_str_mv AT hanliangzhu alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT yuezhang alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT lanwang alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT janbrodsky alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT imrichgablech alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT jianguofeng alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT qilongyan alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT shujieyang alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT lukeplee alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT pavelneuzil alowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT hanliangzhu lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT yuezhang lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT lanwang lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT janbrodsky lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT imrichgablech lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT jianguofeng lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT qilongyan lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT shujieyang lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT lukeplee lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard
AT pavelneuzil lowcostpicowattcalorimeterusingaflexibleprintedcircuitboard