Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber

In a future quantum network, two spatially separated individuals sharing a polarization entanglement source may need to assess the entanglement quality of the source without the presence of classical auxiliary signals. When the two are separated by a single-mode fiber, automated methods are necessar...

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Main Authors: Evan Dowling, Gerald Baumgartner, Richard Brewster, Mark Morris, Anne Marie Richards, Rajarshi Roy, Thomas E. Murphy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-03-01
Series:APL Quantum
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0239623
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author Evan Dowling
Gerald Baumgartner
Richard Brewster
Mark Morris
Anne Marie Richards
Rajarshi Roy
Thomas E. Murphy
author_facet Evan Dowling
Gerald Baumgartner
Richard Brewster
Mark Morris
Anne Marie Richards
Rajarshi Roy
Thomas E. Murphy
author_sort Evan Dowling
collection DOAJ
description In a future quantum network, two spatially separated individuals sharing a polarization entanglement source may need to assess the entanglement quality of the source without the presence of classical auxiliary signals. When the two are separated by a single-mode fiber, automated methods are necessary for the validation and estimation of polarization entanglement. We experimentally examine real-time iterative methods to search for maximal Bell violations, specifically the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality, between two observers sharing polarization entangled photons to evaluate the entanglement quality of the source. Our source allows us to tune the degree of entanglement of their shared photon pair by changing the temporal overlap of the two photons at an entangling 50/50 beam splitter so that we can compare the CHSH parameter these methods find to the theoretical values our source produces. The iterative methods used within our experiment are the Nelder–Mead optimization method, stochastic gradient descent, and Bayesian optimization. This is the first feedback experiment to study automated Bell violations in fiber and the first to compare all three of these iterative methods to one another in a quantum polarization control experiment. In our experiment, all methods are able to find Bell violations, but the Nelder–Mead method performed the best in terms of the speed and accuracy in finding the maximal violation.
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spelling doaj-art-1e7ab2f0150d468db4ec0af6c160f4112025-08-20T03:03:49ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Quantum2835-01032025-03-0121016119016119-1410.1063/5.0239623Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiberEvan Dowling0Gerald Baumgartner1Richard Brewster2Mark Morris3Anne Marie Richards4Rajarshi Roy5Thomas E. Murphy6Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USALaboratory for Telecommunication Sciences, College Park, Maryland 20740, USAInstitute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USALaboratory for Telecommunication Sciences, College Park, Maryland 20740, USALaboratory for Telecommunication Sciences, College Park, Maryland 20740, USAInstitute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USAInstitute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USAIn a future quantum network, two spatially separated individuals sharing a polarization entanglement source may need to assess the entanglement quality of the source without the presence of classical auxiliary signals. When the two are separated by a single-mode fiber, automated methods are necessary for the validation and estimation of polarization entanglement. We experimentally examine real-time iterative methods to search for maximal Bell violations, specifically the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality, between two observers sharing polarization entangled photons to evaluate the entanglement quality of the source. Our source allows us to tune the degree of entanglement of their shared photon pair by changing the temporal overlap of the two photons at an entangling 50/50 beam splitter so that we can compare the CHSH parameter these methods find to the theoretical values our source produces. The iterative methods used within our experiment are the Nelder–Mead optimization method, stochastic gradient descent, and Bayesian optimization. This is the first feedback experiment to study automated Bell violations in fiber and the first to compare all three of these iterative methods to one another in a quantum polarization control experiment. In our experiment, all methods are able to find Bell violations, but the Nelder–Mead method performed the best in terms of the speed and accuracy in finding the maximal violation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0239623
spellingShingle Evan Dowling
Gerald Baumgartner
Richard Brewster
Mark Morris
Anne Marie Richards
Rajarshi Roy
Thomas E. Murphy
Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber
APL Quantum
title Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber
title_full Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber
title_fullStr Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber
title_full_unstemmed Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber
title_short Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber
title_sort automated bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0239623
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