Refusal Strategies in Emirati Arabic: A Gender-Based Study

This study explores how Emirati Arabic speakers refuse requests, with a special focus on how men and women differ in refusal strategy use. While researchers have studied refusal strategies in different Arabic dialects, there has been little investigation into Emirati Arabic – a dialect shaped by Gul...

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Main Authors: Rabab’ah Ghaleb, Alghazo Sharif, El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-06-01
Series:Open Cultural Studies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/culture-2025-0057
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author Rabab’ah Ghaleb
Alghazo Sharif
El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam
author_facet Rabab’ah Ghaleb
Alghazo Sharif
El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam
author_sort Rabab’ah Ghaleb
collection DOAJ
description This study explores how Emirati Arabic speakers refuse requests, with a special focus on how men and women differ in refusal strategy use. While researchers have studied refusal strategies in different Arabic dialects, there has been little investigation into Emirati Arabic – a dialect shaped by Gulf Arab traditions, trade interactions, and religious influences. This study aims to fill that gap by analysing the specific linguistic and cultural factors that shape refusals in Emirati Arabic. To achieve this, the study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data were gathered through a written discourse completion task, which presented participants with eight real-life refusal scenarios involving various interlocutors. The refusal strategies were classified using Beebe et al.’s (1990). John Benjamin Publishing Company) framework, which categorises refusals as direct, indirect, or adjunct strategies. The results showed that indirect refusal strategies were the most common, followed by direct refusals and adjunct strategies. Among the major strategies, the findings indicated variegated use of sub-strategies based on gender and situation. Female participants were more likely to suggest alternatives or make promises, while male participants were more inclined to assert principles, avoid confrontation, or discourage the request, indicating a more direct approach. Situational variations also played a role. The highest number of refusals occurred in response to wedding and dinner invitations, emphasizing the cultural importance of such gatherings. Meanwhile, refusals to requests from mothers showed the lowest use of direct strategies, underscoring the significance of familial respect and obligation in Emirati culture. This study includes practical implications for cross-cultural communication, language education, and sociolinguistic research on Arabic dialects.
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spelling doaj-art-1e777bb14fba48ab88b4d6441663a9662025-08-20T03:20:14ZengDe GruyterOpen Cultural Studies2451-34742025-06-0191658110.1515/culture-2025-0057Refusal Strategies in Emirati Arabic: A Gender-Based StudyRabab’ah Ghaleb0Alghazo Sharif1El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam2Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages, The University of Jordan, Amman, JordanDepartment of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages, The University of Jordan, Amman, JordanThe Linguistics and Translation Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaThis study explores how Emirati Arabic speakers refuse requests, with a special focus on how men and women differ in refusal strategy use. While researchers have studied refusal strategies in different Arabic dialects, there has been little investigation into Emirati Arabic – a dialect shaped by Gulf Arab traditions, trade interactions, and religious influences. This study aims to fill that gap by analysing the specific linguistic and cultural factors that shape refusals in Emirati Arabic. To achieve this, the study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data were gathered through a written discourse completion task, which presented participants with eight real-life refusal scenarios involving various interlocutors. The refusal strategies were classified using Beebe et al.’s (1990). John Benjamin Publishing Company) framework, which categorises refusals as direct, indirect, or adjunct strategies. The results showed that indirect refusal strategies were the most common, followed by direct refusals and adjunct strategies. Among the major strategies, the findings indicated variegated use of sub-strategies based on gender and situation. Female participants were more likely to suggest alternatives or make promises, while male participants were more inclined to assert principles, avoid confrontation, or discourage the request, indicating a more direct approach. Situational variations also played a role. The highest number of refusals occurred in response to wedding and dinner invitations, emphasizing the cultural importance of such gatherings. Meanwhile, refusals to requests from mothers showed the lowest use of direct strategies, underscoring the significance of familial respect and obligation in Emirati culture. This study includes practical implications for cross-cultural communication, language education, and sociolinguistic research on Arabic dialects.https://doi.org/10.1515/culture-2025-0057refusal strategiesspeech act theoryemirati arabicgender
spellingShingle Rabab’ah Ghaleb
Alghazo Sharif
El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam
Refusal Strategies in Emirati Arabic: A Gender-Based Study
Open Cultural Studies
refusal strategies
speech act theory
emirati arabic
gender
title Refusal Strategies in Emirati Arabic: A Gender-Based Study
title_full Refusal Strategies in Emirati Arabic: A Gender-Based Study
title_fullStr Refusal Strategies in Emirati Arabic: A Gender-Based Study
title_full_unstemmed Refusal Strategies in Emirati Arabic: A Gender-Based Study
title_short Refusal Strategies in Emirati Arabic: A Gender-Based Study
title_sort refusal strategies in emirati arabic a gender based study
topic refusal strategies
speech act theory
emirati arabic
gender
url https://doi.org/10.1515/culture-2025-0057
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AT alghazosharif refusalstrategiesinemiratiarabicagenderbasedstudy
AT eldakhsdinaabdelsalam refusalstrategiesinemiratiarabicagenderbasedstudy