Precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradient

Shifting precipitation patterns associated with global climate change are significantly impacting lotic ecosystems worldwide. To understand how these changes influence stream fish community assembly, we conducted a space-for-time study under a steep natural rainfall gradient in the coastal plain reg...

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Main Authors: Christopher M. Groff, Sean K. Kinard, J. Derek Hogan, Matt R. Whiles, Amber J. Ulseth, Bradley A. Strickland, Fernando Carvallo, Victoria Jenkins, Alexander T. Solis, Desiree A. Groff, Christopher Frazier, Connor L. Brown, Christopher J. Patrick
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of Freshwater Ecology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02705060.2025.2486262
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author Christopher M. Groff
Sean K. Kinard
J. Derek Hogan
Matt R. Whiles
Amber J. Ulseth
Bradley A. Strickland
Fernando Carvallo
Victoria Jenkins
Alexander T. Solis
Desiree A. Groff
Christopher Frazier
Connor L. Brown
Christopher J. Patrick
author_facet Christopher M. Groff
Sean K. Kinard
J. Derek Hogan
Matt R. Whiles
Amber J. Ulseth
Bradley A. Strickland
Fernando Carvallo
Victoria Jenkins
Alexander T. Solis
Desiree A. Groff
Christopher Frazier
Connor L. Brown
Christopher J. Patrick
author_sort Christopher M. Groff
collection DOAJ
description Shifting precipitation patterns associated with global climate change are significantly impacting lotic ecosystems worldwide. To understand how these changes influence stream fish community assembly, we conducted a space-for-time study under a steep natural rainfall gradient in the coastal plain region of Texas (USA). Leveraging multi-year intra-annual fish surveys and environmental data from nine streams, we assessed the effects of precipitation regime on functional diversity and trait distributions, focusing on the relative importance of environmental filtering, interspecific interaction, and individual environmental drivers. Fish communities transitioned from functionally underdispersed to overdispersed with increasing precipitation rate, suggesting that filtering was a key assembly mechanism in more arid communities, while species interaction played a more important role under wetter climates. Deviations in functional dispersion across the rainfall gradient were best explained by changes in relative distributions of traits (functional evenness) as opposed to losses or additions of traits (functional richness) between sites, and the best predictors of these deviations were mean annual rainfall, low-flow frequency, and prevalence of hypoxic conditions. Proportional abundances of hypoxia-tolerant, herbivorous taxa within communities were associated mainly with the same predictors, illustrating the importance of these fishes’ increasing prevalence with increased aridity. Relationships between their abundances and benthic primary producer densities may also point to changes in grazing pressure, possibly stemming from top-down trophic processes. The shift from communities with low functional diversity dominated by hypoxia-tolerant, herbivorous taxa to more diverse assemblages as rainfall rates increased was non-linear, which may represent an important precipitation-driven threshold in community assembly. Our observations across this spatial rainfall gradient may translate to similar community-level changes in lotic ecosystems experiencing temporally shifting precipitation patterns, ultimately leading to increased understanding of relationships between functional trait distributions and climate, as well as providing valuable knowledge for predicting the impacts of changing precipitation regimes in freshwater ecosystems worldwide.
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spelling doaj-art-1e698b8d449a466588a37a90cc79d5482025-08-20T02:11:34ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Freshwater Ecology0270-50602156-69412025-12-0140110.1080/02705060.2025.2486262Precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradientChristopher M. Groff0Sean K. Kinard1J. Derek Hogan2Matt R. Whiles3Amber J. Ulseth4Bradley A. Strickland5Fernando Carvallo6Victoria Jenkins7Alexander T. Solis8Desiree A. Groff9Christopher Frazier10Connor L. Brown11Christopher J. Patrick12Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VADepartment of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VADepartment of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, TXDepartment of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FLDepartment of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TXDepartment of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VADepartment of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, TXDepartment of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, TXDepartment of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, TXDepartment of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, TXDepartment of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, TXDepartment of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TXDepartment of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VAShifting precipitation patterns associated with global climate change are significantly impacting lotic ecosystems worldwide. To understand how these changes influence stream fish community assembly, we conducted a space-for-time study under a steep natural rainfall gradient in the coastal plain region of Texas (USA). Leveraging multi-year intra-annual fish surveys and environmental data from nine streams, we assessed the effects of precipitation regime on functional diversity and trait distributions, focusing on the relative importance of environmental filtering, interspecific interaction, and individual environmental drivers. Fish communities transitioned from functionally underdispersed to overdispersed with increasing precipitation rate, suggesting that filtering was a key assembly mechanism in more arid communities, while species interaction played a more important role under wetter climates. Deviations in functional dispersion across the rainfall gradient were best explained by changes in relative distributions of traits (functional evenness) as opposed to losses or additions of traits (functional richness) between sites, and the best predictors of these deviations were mean annual rainfall, low-flow frequency, and prevalence of hypoxic conditions. Proportional abundances of hypoxia-tolerant, herbivorous taxa within communities were associated mainly with the same predictors, illustrating the importance of these fishes’ increasing prevalence with increased aridity. Relationships between their abundances and benthic primary producer densities may also point to changes in grazing pressure, possibly stemming from top-down trophic processes. The shift from communities with low functional diversity dominated by hypoxia-tolerant, herbivorous taxa to more diverse assemblages as rainfall rates increased was non-linear, which may represent an important precipitation-driven threshold in community assembly. Our observations across this spatial rainfall gradient may translate to similar community-level changes in lotic ecosystems experiencing temporally shifting precipitation patterns, ultimately leading to increased understanding of relationships between functional trait distributions and climate, as well as providing valuable knowledge for predicting the impacts of changing precipitation regimes in freshwater ecosystems worldwide.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02705060.2025.2486262Fish communitieslotic ecosystemsfunctional traitscommunity assemblyclimate changerainfall gradients
spellingShingle Christopher M. Groff
Sean K. Kinard
J. Derek Hogan
Matt R. Whiles
Amber J. Ulseth
Bradley A. Strickland
Fernando Carvallo
Victoria Jenkins
Alexander T. Solis
Desiree A. Groff
Christopher Frazier
Connor L. Brown
Christopher J. Patrick
Precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradient
Journal of Freshwater Ecology
Fish communities
lotic ecosystems
functional traits
community assembly
climate change
rainfall gradients
title Precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradient
title_full Precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradient
title_fullStr Precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradient
title_full_unstemmed Precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradient
title_short Precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradient
title_sort precipitation regime drives key alterations in subtropical stream fish community assembly and functional trait distribution across a major rainfall gradient
topic Fish communities
lotic ecosystems
functional traits
community assembly
climate change
rainfall gradients
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02705060.2025.2486262
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