Transformations of Critical Lithium Ores to Battery-Grade Materials: From Mine to Precursors
The escalating demand for lithium has intensified the need to process critical lithium ores into battery-grade materials efficiently. This review paper overviews the transformation processes and cost of converting critical lithium ores, primarily spodumene and brine, into high-purity battery-grade p...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Sabbir Ahmed Anil Kumar Madikere Raghunatha Reddy Karim Zaghib |
| author_facet | Sabbir Ahmed Anil Kumar Madikere Raghunatha Reddy Karim Zaghib |
| author_sort | Sabbir Ahmed |
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| description | The escalating demand for lithium has intensified the need to process critical lithium ores into battery-grade materials efficiently. This review paper overviews the transformation processes and cost of converting critical lithium ores, primarily spodumene and brine, into high-purity battery-grade precursors. We systematically examine the study findings on various approaches for lithium recovery from spodumene and brine. Dense media separation (DMS) and froth flotation are the most often used processes for spodumene beneficiation. Magnetic separation (MS) and ore gravity concentration techniques in spodumene processing have also been considered. To produce battery-grade lithium salts, the beneficiated-concentrated spodumene must be treated further, with or without heat, in the presence of acidic or alkaline media. As a result, various pyro and hydrometallurgical techniques have been explored. Moreover, the process of extracting lithium from brine through precipitation, liquid–liquid extraction, and polymer inclusion membrane separation employing different organic, inorganic, and composite polymer sorbents has also been reviewed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1e6644c2ea424d399078564573abf828 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj-art-1e6644c2ea424d399078564573abf8282025-08-20T02:26:59ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052024-10-01101137910.3390/batteries10110379Transformations of Critical Lithium Ores to Battery-Grade Materials: From Mine to PrecursorsSabbir Ahmed0Anil Kumar Madikere Raghunatha Reddy1Karim Zaghib2Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, CanadaThe escalating demand for lithium has intensified the need to process critical lithium ores into battery-grade materials efficiently. This review paper overviews the transformation processes and cost of converting critical lithium ores, primarily spodumene and brine, into high-purity battery-grade precursors. We systematically examine the study findings on various approaches for lithium recovery from spodumene and brine. Dense media separation (DMS) and froth flotation are the most often used processes for spodumene beneficiation. Magnetic separation (MS) and ore gravity concentration techniques in spodumene processing have also been considered. To produce battery-grade lithium salts, the beneficiated-concentrated spodumene must be treated further, with or without heat, in the presence of acidic or alkaline media. As a result, various pyro and hydrometallurgical techniques have been explored. Moreover, the process of extracting lithium from brine through precipitation, liquid–liquid extraction, and polymer inclusion membrane separation employing different organic, inorganic, and composite polymer sorbents has also been reviewed.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/11/379spodumenebrinelithium carbonatelithium hydroxidelithium chloride |
| spellingShingle | Sabbir Ahmed Anil Kumar Madikere Raghunatha Reddy Karim Zaghib Transformations of Critical Lithium Ores to Battery-Grade Materials: From Mine to Precursors Batteries spodumene brine lithium carbonate lithium hydroxide lithium chloride |
| title | Transformations of Critical Lithium Ores to Battery-Grade Materials: From Mine to Precursors |
| title_full | Transformations of Critical Lithium Ores to Battery-Grade Materials: From Mine to Precursors |
| title_fullStr | Transformations of Critical Lithium Ores to Battery-Grade Materials: From Mine to Precursors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transformations of Critical Lithium Ores to Battery-Grade Materials: From Mine to Precursors |
| title_short | Transformations of Critical Lithium Ores to Battery-Grade Materials: From Mine to Precursors |
| title_sort | transformations of critical lithium ores to battery grade materials from mine to precursors |
| topic | spodumene brine lithium carbonate lithium hydroxide lithium chloride |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/11/379 |
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