Evaluating vaccination timing, hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks: insights from COVID-19 modelling and transmission dynamics

The COVID-19 vaccine has been available in India since January 2021, although many individuals have refused to take the vaccine for various reasons. Vaccination plays a crucial role in disease control by preventing a substantial number of cases and associated disabilities. However, vaccine hesitancy...

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Main Authors: Komal Tanwar, Nitesh Kumawat, Jai Prakash Tripathi, Sudipa Chauhan, Anuj Mubayi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2024-11-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.240833
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author Komal Tanwar
Nitesh Kumawat
Jai Prakash Tripathi
Sudipa Chauhan
Anuj Mubayi
author_facet Komal Tanwar
Nitesh Kumawat
Jai Prakash Tripathi
Sudipa Chauhan
Anuj Mubayi
author_sort Komal Tanwar
collection DOAJ
description The COVID-19 vaccine has been available in India since January 2021, although many individuals have refused to take the vaccine for various reasons. Vaccination plays a crucial role in disease control by preventing a substantial number of cases and associated disabilities. However, vaccine hesitancy poses a barrier that hinders these efforts. Our article presents a novel approach by proposing a mathematical model for COVID-19 that incorporates vaccine hesitancy, vaccine efficacy and behaviour compensation post-vaccination. The model is calibrated with COVID-19 incidence data for India from 13 February 2021 to 12 January 2022, using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The analysis examines the effects of hesitancy and social interventions through a series of practical simulations. The simulation results show that while COVID-19-infected individuals may have natural immunity, vaccination post-recovery is crucial to reduce cases by up to 64.1%. Social interventions, such as face masks and distancing, remain essential to prevent a rise in cases and ensure effective disease control. The model demonstrates that vaccination, combined with continued social interventions, is crucial for effectively reducing COVID-19 cases and preventing future outbreaks. Addressing vaccine hesitancy and maintaining preventive measures are key to successfully controlling the pandemic.
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publishDate 2024-11-01
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spelling doaj-art-1e5f2edd5e684ce18b3db644a41cde162024-11-13T15:33:43ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032024-11-01111110.1098/rsos.240833Evaluating vaccination timing, hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks: insights from COVID-19 modelling and transmission dynamicsKomal Tanwar0Nitesh Kumawat1Jai Prakash Tripathi2Sudipa Chauhan3Anuj Mubayi4Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, IndiaModelling & Simulation, Health Economics and Market Access, Evidera, Ottawa, CanadaIntercollegiate Biomathematics Alliance, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USAThe COVID-19 vaccine has been available in India since January 2021, although many individuals have refused to take the vaccine for various reasons. Vaccination plays a crucial role in disease control by preventing a substantial number of cases and associated disabilities. However, vaccine hesitancy poses a barrier that hinders these efforts. Our article presents a novel approach by proposing a mathematical model for COVID-19 that incorporates vaccine hesitancy, vaccine efficacy and behaviour compensation post-vaccination. The model is calibrated with COVID-19 incidence data for India from 13 February 2021 to 12 January 2022, using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The analysis examines the effects of hesitancy and social interventions through a series of practical simulations. The simulation results show that while COVID-19-infected individuals may have natural immunity, vaccination post-recovery is crucial to reduce cases by up to 64.1%. Social interventions, such as face masks and distancing, remain essential to prevent a rise in cases and ensure effective disease control. The model demonstrates that vaccination, combined with continued social interventions, is crucial for effectively reducing COVID-19 cases and preventing future outbreaks. Addressing vaccine hesitancy and maintaining preventive measures are key to successfully controlling the pandemic.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.240833COVID-19vaccine hesitancyvaccine efficacysocial interventionsbehaviour compensation
spellingShingle Komal Tanwar
Nitesh Kumawat
Jai Prakash Tripathi
Sudipa Chauhan
Anuj Mubayi
Evaluating vaccination timing, hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks: insights from COVID-19 modelling and transmission dynamics
Royal Society Open Science
COVID-19
vaccine hesitancy
vaccine efficacy
social interventions
behaviour compensation
title Evaluating vaccination timing, hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks: insights from COVID-19 modelling and transmission dynamics
title_full Evaluating vaccination timing, hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks: insights from COVID-19 modelling and transmission dynamics
title_fullStr Evaluating vaccination timing, hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks: insights from COVID-19 modelling and transmission dynamics
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating vaccination timing, hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks: insights from COVID-19 modelling and transmission dynamics
title_short Evaluating vaccination timing, hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks: insights from COVID-19 modelling and transmission dynamics
title_sort evaluating vaccination timing hesitancy and effectiveness to prevent future outbreaks insights from covid 19 modelling and transmission dynamics
topic COVID-19
vaccine hesitancy
vaccine efficacy
social interventions
behaviour compensation
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.240833
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