Detection of Myocardial Deformation Patterns and Prognostic Value of Routine Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Cardiac Sarcoidosis Versus Extracardiac Sarcoidosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<b>Background:</b> Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas in various organs. While cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is clinically rare, it has significant implications, including heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Speckle-tr...

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Main Authors: Hritvik Jain, Maryam Shahzad, Muhammad Usman, Anil KC, Jagjot Singh, Jyoti Jain, Ramez M. Odat, Aman Goyal, Faizan Ahmed, Raheel Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/5/518
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Summary:<b>Background:</b> Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas in various organs. While cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is clinically rare, it has significant implications, including heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a promising tool for detecting subclinical myocardial dysfunction, which is cost-efficient and readily available. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate differences in functional echocardiographic parameters between patients with CS and extracardiac sarcoidosis (ECS) to improve early recognition and management. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search of major bibliographic databases was conducted to identify studies up to December 2024. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs were pooled using the inverse-variance random-effect model. <b>Results:</b> Seven studies with 478 patients with sarcoidosis (CS: 159 and ECS: 319) were included. Patients with CS had a significant reduction in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (MD: −2.73; 95% CI: −4.09, −1.38; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (MD: −0.59; 95% CI: −1.12, −0.05; <i>p</i> = 0.03) compared to patients with ECS. No significant differences in the LV global circumferential strain, interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular ejection fraction, E/A ratio, E/E’ ratio, LV end-diastolic diameter, and LV end-systolic diameter were noted. <b>Conclusions:</b> LV GLS and TAPSE are promising parameters for the early detection of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis, with significant prognostic implications. Although STE provides a cost-effective and accessible alternative to CMR and FDG-PET, further research is needed to standardize its use and validate diagnostic cut-offs.
ISSN:2075-4418