Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons

Abstract It is well-known that the momentum spectra of particles confined to finite spatial volumes deviate from the continuous spectra used for unconfined particles. In this article, we consider real scalar particles confined to finite volumes with periodic boundary conditions, such that the partic...

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Main Author: Christian Käding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14467-5
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author Christian Käding
author_facet Christian Käding
author_sort Christian Käding
collection DOAJ
description Abstract It is well-known that the momentum spectra of particles confined to finite spatial volumes deviate from the continuous spectra used for unconfined particles. In this article, we consider real scalar particles confined to finite volumes with periodic boundary conditions, such that the particles’ spectra are discrete. We directly compute the density matrices describing the decay processes $$\phi \rightarrow \varphi ^2$$ ϕ → φ 2 and $$\phi \rightarrow \varphi \chi \nu $$ ϕ → φ χ ν , and subsequently derive expressions for the decay probabilities both for confined and unconfined particles. The latter decay process is used as a rough toy model for a neutron decaying into a proton, an electron, and an anti-electron neutrino. We propose that finite volume effects can have an impact on the outcomes of experiments measuring the neutron lifetime. In addition, our findings at the toy model level suggest that taking into account possible initial correlations between neutrons and their daughter particles might be relevant as well.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1434-6052
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
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record_format Article
series European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
spelling doaj-art-1e358ae79afb433191ac339dbdac8b562025-08-20T03:42:56ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522025-07-0185711510.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14467-5Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutronsChristian Käding0Atominstitut, Technische Universität WienAbstract It is well-known that the momentum spectra of particles confined to finite spatial volumes deviate from the continuous spectra used for unconfined particles. In this article, we consider real scalar particles confined to finite volumes with periodic boundary conditions, such that the particles’ spectra are discrete. We directly compute the density matrices describing the decay processes $$\phi \rightarrow \varphi ^2$$ ϕ → φ 2 and $$\phi \rightarrow \varphi \chi \nu $$ ϕ → φ χ ν , and subsequently derive expressions for the decay probabilities both for confined and unconfined particles. The latter decay process is used as a rough toy model for a neutron decaying into a proton, an electron, and an anti-electron neutrino. We propose that finite volume effects can have an impact on the outcomes of experiments measuring the neutron lifetime. In addition, our findings at the toy model level suggest that taking into account possible initial correlations between neutrons and their daughter particles might be relevant as well.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14467-5
spellingShingle Christian Käding
Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons
title_full Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons
title_fullStr Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons
title_full_unstemmed Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons
title_short Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons
title_sort particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14467-5
work_keys_str_mv AT christiankading particlesinfinitevolumesandatoymodelofdecayingneutrons