PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses
Zoonotic viruses originating from reservoir hosts, such as bats and birds, often cause severe illness and outbreaks amongst humans. Upon zoonotic virus transmission, infected cells mount innate immune responses that include the activation of programmed cell death pathways to recruit innate immune ce...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1733 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850147003378434048 |
|---|---|
| author | Anantika Chandra Sannula Kesavardhana |
| author_facet | Anantika Chandra Sannula Kesavardhana |
| author_sort | Anantika Chandra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zoonotic viruses originating from reservoir hosts, such as bats and birds, often cause severe illness and outbreaks amongst humans. Upon zoonotic virus transmission, infected cells mount innate immune responses that include the activation of programmed cell death pathways to recruit innate immune cells to the site of infection and eliminate viral replication niches. Different inflammatory and non-inflammatory cell death pathways, such as pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis can undergo concurrent activation in humans leading to mortality and morbidity during zoonosis. While controlled activation of PANoptosis is vital for viral clearance during infection and restoring tissue homeostasis, uncontrolled PANoptosis activation results in immunopathology during zoonotic virus infections. Intriguingly, animal reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, such as bats and birds, appear to have a unique immune tolerance adaptation, allowing them to host viruses without succumbing to disease. The mechanisms facilitating high viral tolerance in bats and birds are poorly understood. In this perspective review, we discuss the regulation of PANoptotic pathways in bats and birds and indicate how they co-exist with viruses with mild clinical signs and no immunopathology. Understanding the PANoptotic machinery of bats and birds may thus assist us in devising strategies to contain zoonotic outbreaks amongst humans. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1e23fd41a598477fa4daa1a707fb8b9c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-1e23fd41a598477fa4daa1a707fb8b9c2025-08-20T02:27:42ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-11-011611173310.3390/v16111733PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic VirusesAnantika Chandra0Sannula Kesavardhana1Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, IndiaZoonotic viruses originating from reservoir hosts, such as bats and birds, often cause severe illness and outbreaks amongst humans. Upon zoonotic virus transmission, infected cells mount innate immune responses that include the activation of programmed cell death pathways to recruit innate immune cells to the site of infection and eliminate viral replication niches. Different inflammatory and non-inflammatory cell death pathways, such as pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis can undergo concurrent activation in humans leading to mortality and morbidity during zoonosis. While controlled activation of PANoptosis is vital for viral clearance during infection and restoring tissue homeostasis, uncontrolled PANoptosis activation results in immunopathology during zoonotic virus infections. Intriguingly, animal reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, such as bats and birds, appear to have a unique immune tolerance adaptation, allowing them to host viruses without succumbing to disease. The mechanisms facilitating high viral tolerance in bats and birds are poorly understood. In this perspective review, we discuss the regulation of PANoptotic pathways in bats and birds and indicate how they co-exist with viruses with mild clinical signs and no immunopathology. Understanding the PANoptotic machinery of bats and birds may thus assist us in devising strategies to contain zoonotic outbreaks amongst humans.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1733PANoptosisPANoptosomeinflammationcell deathinnate immunityreservoir host biology |
| spellingShingle | Anantika Chandra Sannula Kesavardhana PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses Viruses PANoptosis PANoptosome inflammation cell death innate immunity reservoir host biology |
| title | PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses |
| title_full | PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses |
| title_fullStr | PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses |
| title_short | PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses |
| title_sort | panoptosis regulation in reservoir hosts of zoonotic viruses |
| topic | PANoptosis PANoptosome inflammation cell death innate immunity reservoir host biology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1733 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anantikachandra panoptosisregulationinreservoirhostsofzoonoticviruses AT sannulakesavardhana panoptosisregulationinreservoirhostsofzoonoticviruses |