Demand Response Potential of Detached Houses in Finnish Building Stock for Integration of Variable Renewable Power Generation and Reserve Power Limitation

With a rapid increase in variable renewable electricity generation such as wind power and solar photovoltaics, a power system must simultaneously incorporate flexible resources to maintain power balance. Detached houses, covering 34% of the Finnish built floor area, can be considered to include a th...

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Main Authors: Ilkka Jokinen, Matti Lehtonen, Juha Jokisalo, Janne Hirvonen, Risto Kosonen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015459/
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author Ilkka Jokinen
Matti Lehtonen
Juha Jokisalo
Janne Hirvonen
Risto Kosonen
author_facet Ilkka Jokinen
Matti Lehtonen
Juha Jokisalo
Janne Hirvonen
Risto Kosonen
author_sort Ilkka Jokinen
collection DOAJ
description With a rapid increase in variable renewable electricity generation such as wind power and solar photovoltaics, a power system must simultaneously incorporate flexible resources to maintain power balance. Detached houses, covering 34% of the Finnish built floor area, can be considered to include a thermal storage within their structure and indoor air due to their thermal inertia. In addition, a domestic hot water tank may be operated such that part of it is utilized as a thermal storage. Moreover, since a large part of the detached houses utilize electricity as an energy source for their heating, either directly (28%) or indirectly with heat pumps (15%), these buildings may be utilized as demand response units within the power system. Thus, this study analyzed how the demand response of detached houses in Finland can increase the utilization of variable renewable power generation while mitigating the required reserve power capacity and energy in the power system. Furthermore, the effect of different wind and solar power generation capacities was analyzed together with several scenarios for the Finnish building stock. It was found that during the analyzed six-year period, the demand response was able to lower the required additional power source capacity significantly by 0.44 to 0.62 GW (10.0-13.1%) and the energy reasonably, 1.41 to 2.23 TWh (2.5–11.6%) by increasing the utilization of renewables. Noting that the high shares of energy reductions were due to very high share of renewables. These reductions corresponded to emission reductions of 0.51 to 0.80 Mt-CO2 (1.1–2.4%).
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issn 2169-3536
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-1e1844ed2fa24b3687d7303b18f765652025-08-20T03:06:04ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113915649158010.1109/ACCESS.2025.357345111015459Demand Response Potential of Detached Houses in Finnish Building Stock for Integration of Variable Renewable Power Generation and Reserve Power LimitationIlkka Jokinen0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5281-2322Matti Lehtonen1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-7333Juha Jokisalo2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-8838Janne Hirvonen3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-5225Risto Kosonen4Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Aalto, FinlandDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Aalto, FinlandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Civil Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, FinlandWith a rapid increase in variable renewable electricity generation such as wind power and solar photovoltaics, a power system must simultaneously incorporate flexible resources to maintain power balance. Detached houses, covering 34% of the Finnish built floor area, can be considered to include a thermal storage within their structure and indoor air due to their thermal inertia. In addition, a domestic hot water tank may be operated such that part of it is utilized as a thermal storage. Moreover, since a large part of the detached houses utilize electricity as an energy source for their heating, either directly (28%) or indirectly with heat pumps (15%), these buildings may be utilized as demand response units within the power system. Thus, this study analyzed how the demand response of detached houses in Finland can increase the utilization of variable renewable power generation while mitigating the required reserve power capacity and energy in the power system. Furthermore, the effect of different wind and solar power generation capacities was analyzed together with several scenarios for the Finnish building stock. It was found that during the analyzed six-year period, the demand response was able to lower the required additional power source capacity significantly by 0.44 to 0.62 GW (10.0-13.1%) and the energy reasonably, 1.41 to 2.23 TWh (2.5–11.6%) by increasing the utilization of renewables. Noting that the high shares of energy reductions were due to very high share of renewables. These reductions corresponded to emission reductions of 0.51 to 0.80 Mt-CO2 (1.1–2.4%).https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015459/Demand responsedetached houserenewable generationreserve power
spellingShingle Ilkka Jokinen
Matti Lehtonen
Juha Jokisalo
Janne Hirvonen
Risto Kosonen
Demand Response Potential of Detached Houses in Finnish Building Stock for Integration of Variable Renewable Power Generation and Reserve Power Limitation
IEEE Access
Demand response
detached house
renewable generation
reserve power
title Demand Response Potential of Detached Houses in Finnish Building Stock for Integration of Variable Renewable Power Generation and Reserve Power Limitation
title_full Demand Response Potential of Detached Houses in Finnish Building Stock for Integration of Variable Renewable Power Generation and Reserve Power Limitation
title_fullStr Demand Response Potential of Detached Houses in Finnish Building Stock for Integration of Variable Renewable Power Generation and Reserve Power Limitation
title_full_unstemmed Demand Response Potential of Detached Houses in Finnish Building Stock for Integration of Variable Renewable Power Generation and Reserve Power Limitation
title_short Demand Response Potential of Detached Houses in Finnish Building Stock for Integration of Variable Renewable Power Generation and Reserve Power Limitation
title_sort demand response potential of detached houses in finnish building stock for integration of variable renewable power generation and reserve power limitation
topic Demand response
detached house
renewable generation
reserve power
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015459/
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AT mattilehtonen demandresponsepotentialofdetachedhousesinfinnishbuildingstockforintegrationofvariablerenewablepowergenerationandreservepowerlimitation
AT juhajokisalo demandresponsepotentialofdetachedhousesinfinnishbuildingstockforintegrationofvariablerenewablepowergenerationandreservepowerlimitation
AT jannehirvonen demandresponsepotentialofdetachedhousesinfinnishbuildingstockforintegrationofvariablerenewablepowergenerationandreservepowerlimitation
AT ristokosonen demandresponsepotentialofdetachedhousesinfinnishbuildingstockforintegrationofvariablerenewablepowergenerationandreservepowerlimitation