Exploratory Ultrasound Analysis of the Diaphragm and Respiratory Capacity in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Exploratory Ultrasound Analysis of the Diaphragm and Respiratory Capacity in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological condition characterized by menstrual pain without underlying pelvic pathology. It has been linked to functional and structural changes in the core musculature, but limited evidence exists regarding its association with diaphragmatic and respiratory...

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Main Authors: Rebeca del Prado-Álvarez, María García-Arrabé, Ángel González-de-la-Flor, Marta de la Plaza San Frutos, Jaime Almazán-Polo, Cecilia Estrada-Barranco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Methods and Protocols
Subjects:
primary dysmenorrhea
diaphragmatic function
respiratory mechanics
ultrasound imaging
chronic pain
intercostal distance
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9279/8/1/15
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