Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy

Abstract The rise of antimicrobial resistance leads to renewed interest in evaluating phage therapy. In murine models highly effective treatment of acute pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa relies on the synergistic antibacterial activity of bacteriophages with neutrophils. Here, we show that...

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Main Authors: Sophia Zborowsky, Jérémy Seurat, Quentin Balacheff, Solène Ecomard, Céline Mulet, Chau Nguyen Ngoc Minh, Marie Titécat, Emma Evrard, Rogelio A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Jacopo Marchi, Joshua S. Weitz, Laurent Debarbieux
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61268-1
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author Sophia Zborowsky
Jérémy Seurat
Quentin Balacheff
Solène Ecomard
Céline Mulet
Chau Nguyen Ngoc Minh
Marie Titécat
Emma Evrard
Rogelio A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez
Jacopo Marchi
Joshua S. Weitz
Laurent Debarbieux
author_facet Sophia Zborowsky
Jérémy Seurat
Quentin Balacheff
Solène Ecomard
Céline Mulet
Chau Nguyen Ngoc Minh
Marie Titécat
Emma Evrard
Rogelio A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez
Jacopo Marchi
Joshua S. Weitz
Laurent Debarbieux
author_sort Sophia Zborowsky
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The rise of antimicrobial resistance leads to renewed interest in evaluating phage therapy. In murine models highly effective treatment of acute pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa relies on the synergistic antibacterial activity of bacteriophages with neutrophils. Here, we show that depletion of alveolar macrophages (AM) shortens the survival of adult male mice without boosting the P. aeruginosa load in the lungs. Unexpectedly, upon bacteriophage treatment, pulmonary levels of P. aeruginosa are significantly lower in AM-depleted than in immunocompetent mice. To explore potential mechanisms underlying the benefit of AM-depletion in treated mice, we develop a mathematical model of bacteriophage, bacteria, and innate immune system dynamics. Simulations from the model fitted to data suggest that AM reduce bacteriophage density in the lungs. We experimentally confirm that the in vivo decay of bacteriophage is faster in immunocompetent compared to AM-depleted animals and that AM phagocytize therapeutic bacteriophage. These findings demonstrate the involvement of feedback between bacteriophage, bacteria, and the immune system in shaping the outcomes of phage therapy in clinical settings.
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spelling doaj-art-1e023007cdab4a97b2b7df1522cd75ad2025-08-20T03:03:41ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-61268-1Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapySophia Zborowsky0Jérémy Seurat1Quentin Balacheff2Solène Ecomard3Céline Mulet4Chau Nguyen Ngoc Minh5Marie Titécat6Emma Evrard7Rogelio A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez8Jacopo Marchi9Joshua S. Weitz10Laurent Debarbieux11Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Bacteriophage Bacterium HostInstitut de Biologie, Ecole Normale SupérieureInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Bacteriophage Bacterium HostInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Bacteriophage Bacterium HostInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Bacteriophage Bacterium HostInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Bacteriophage Bacterium HostUniversité de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in InflammationInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Bacteriophage Bacterium HostSchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologySchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologyInstitut de Biologie, Ecole Normale SupérieureInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Bacteriophage Bacterium HostAbstract The rise of antimicrobial resistance leads to renewed interest in evaluating phage therapy. In murine models highly effective treatment of acute pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa relies on the synergistic antibacterial activity of bacteriophages with neutrophils. Here, we show that depletion of alveolar macrophages (AM) shortens the survival of adult male mice without boosting the P. aeruginosa load in the lungs. Unexpectedly, upon bacteriophage treatment, pulmonary levels of P. aeruginosa are significantly lower in AM-depleted than in immunocompetent mice. To explore potential mechanisms underlying the benefit of AM-depletion in treated mice, we develop a mathematical model of bacteriophage, bacteria, and innate immune system dynamics. Simulations from the model fitted to data suggest that AM reduce bacteriophage density in the lungs. We experimentally confirm that the in vivo decay of bacteriophage is faster in immunocompetent compared to AM-depleted animals and that AM phagocytize therapeutic bacteriophage. These findings demonstrate the involvement of feedback between bacteriophage, bacteria, and the immune system in shaping the outcomes of phage therapy in clinical settings.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61268-1
spellingShingle Sophia Zborowsky
Jérémy Seurat
Quentin Balacheff
Solène Ecomard
Céline Mulet
Chau Nguyen Ngoc Minh
Marie Titécat
Emma Evrard
Rogelio A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez
Jacopo Marchi
Joshua S. Weitz
Laurent Debarbieux
Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy
Nature Communications
title Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy
title_full Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy
title_fullStr Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy
title_full_unstemmed Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy
title_short Macrophage-induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy
title_sort macrophage induced reduction of bacteriophage density limits the efficacy of in vivo pulmonary phage therapy
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61268-1
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