A systematic approach towards a zero-waste water treatment: clay-carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludge

Abstract Increasingly stringent water quality standards are forcing more water treatment facilities to implement adsorption steps. Activated carbon is efficient but has a high environmental impact due to CO₂ emissions and energy demand. Adsorbents derived from water treatment residuals offer a poten...

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Main Authors: Lucas Landwehrkamp, Minja Bogunović Koljaja, Munima Sultana, Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas, Stefan Panglisch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Clean Water
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00507-w
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author Lucas Landwehrkamp
Minja Bogunović Koljaja
Munima Sultana
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas
Stefan Panglisch
author_facet Lucas Landwehrkamp
Minja Bogunović Koljaja
Munima Sultana
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas
Stefan Panglisch
author_sort Lucas Landwehrkamp
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Increasingly stringent water quality standards are forcing more water treatment facilities to implement adsorption steps. Activated carbon is efficient but has a high environmental impact due to CO₂ emissions and energy demand. Adsorbents derived from water treatment residuals offer a potential solution. In this study, a novel laboratory rotary furnace was designed to produce clay-carbon composite adsorbents from drinking water treatment residues. The process was optimized using a statistical design of experiments, representing the first comprehensive statistical analysis of the thermal activation of such residuals. Thermal activation increased the specific surface area almost tenfold (112–201 m²/g). The adsorbents were tested for removal of ibuprofen, caffeine, diclofenac (1 µg/L), and brilliant blue FCF (5 mg/L). Response surface models showed that heating rate (p < 0.003) and ramp duration (p < 0.00002) significantly influenced adsorption capacity. Mass balance calculations suggest on-site production could fully substitute activated carbon and generate surplus material.
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj Clean Water
spelling doaj-art-1df36e289fb54d919bdb1c24926df3962025-08-20T03:42:19ZengNature Portfolionpj Clean Water2059-70372025-08-018111010.1038/s41545-025-00507-wA systematic approach towards a zero-waste water treatment: clay-carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludgeLucas Landwehrkamp0Minja Bogunović Koljaja1Munima Sultana2Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas3Stefan Panglisch4University of Duisburg-Essen, Chair for Mechanical Process Engineering / Water TechnologyUniversity of Novi Sad, Department for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Section for Chemical Technology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Chair for Mechanical Process Engineering / Water TechnologyUniversity of Novi Sad, Department for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Section for Chemical Technology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Chair for Mechanical Process Engineering / Water TechnologyAbstract Increasingly stringent water quality standards are forcing more water treatment facilities to implement adsorption steps. Activated carbon is efficient but has a high environmental impact due to CO₂ emissions and energy demand. Adsorbents derived from water treatment residuals offer a potential solution. In this study, a novel laboratory rotary furnace was designed to produce clay-carbon composite adsorbents from drinking water treatment residues. The process was optimized using a statistical design of experiments, representing the first comprehensive statistical analysis of the thermal activation of such residuals. Thermal activation increased the specific surface area almost tenfold (112–201 m²/g). The adsorbents were tested for removal of ibuprofen, caffeine, diclofenac (1 µg/L), and brilliant blue FCF (5 mg/L). Response surface models showed that heating rate (p < 0.003) and ramp duration (p < 0.00002) significantly influenced adsorption capacity. Mass balance calculations suggest on-site production could fully substitute activated carbon and generate surplus material.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00507-w
spellingShingle Lucas Landwehrkamp
Minja Bogunović Koljaja
Munima Sultana
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas
Stefan Panglisch
A systematic approach towards a zero-waste water treatment: clay-carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludge
npj Clean Water
title A systematic approach towards a zero-waste water treatment: clay-carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludge
title_full A systematic approach towards a zero-waste water treatment: clay-carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludge
title_fullStr A systematic approach towards a zero-waste water treatment: clay-carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludge
title_full_unstemmed A systematic approach towards a zero-waste water treatment: clay-carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludge
title_short A systematic approach towards a zero-waste water treatment: clay-carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludge
title_sort systematic approach towards a zero waste water treatment clay carbon composite adsorbents made from drinking water treatment sludge
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00507-w
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