Comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for Li-ion cells using carbon-graphene coatings, metal foams, and 3D printing

The amount of energy required has increased abruptly in recent years. The road toward clean cities and transportation has pushed the utilization of electric cars and the supply of energy storage systems. However, electric vehicles operate at high working temperatures, so designers must devote consid...

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Main Authors: Luigi Sequino, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008408
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author Luigi Sequino
Bianca Maria Vaglieco
author_facet Luigi Sequino
Bianca Maria Vaglieco
author_sort Luigi Sequino
collection DOAJ
description The amount of energy required has increased abruptly in recent years. The road toward clean cities and transportation has pushed the utilization of electric cars and the supply of energy storage systems. However, electric vehicles operate at high working temperatures, so designers must devote considerable effort to developing efficient cooling systems. The complexity of battery-cooling solutions varies with the application: city cars, trucks, and hyper-cars require increasingly sophisticated systems. Furthermore, advanced unconventional materials often provide the most effective way to build components tailored to a specific application. This work presents different configurations of cooling systems for lithium-ion cells. One consists of graphene-carbon coatings for heat dissipation via natural convection with air. In the second, a metal foam-based frame has the double aim to support and cool down the battery pack, both in natural convection and with a local cold point. Finally, the third example consists of a 3D-printed channel plate, with a custom-built design, where water is used for the liquid cooling. Each solution is experimentally investigated, monitoring the electric signals and using contact and contactless methods for temperature detection. A comparison between the three configurations has been performed in terms of the cell increment of temperature versus cell internal heat generation. The reported results provide a guide for the selection of the optimal cooling system oriented to the application.
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spelling doaj-art-1ddb4cbbd3a94fedafef6e79460770ca2025-08-20T03:29:35ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-09-017310658010.1016/j.csite.2025.106580Comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for Li-ion cells using carbon-graphene coatings, metal foams, and 3D printingLuigi Sequino0Bianca Maria Vaglieco1Corresponding author.; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili, via G. Marconi, 4, 80125, Napoli, ItalyIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili, via G. Marconi, 4, 80125, Napoli, ItalyThe amount of energy required has increased abruptly in recent years. The road toward clean cities and transportation has pushed the utilization of electric cars and the supply of energy storage systems. However, electric vehicles operate at high working temperatures, so designers must devote considerable effort to developing efficient cooling systems. The complexity of battery-cooling solutions varies with the application: city cars, trucks, and hyper-cars require increasingly sophisticated systems. Furthermore, advanced unconventional materials often provide the most effective way to build components tailored to a specific application. This work presents different configurations of cooling systems for lithium-ion cells. One consists of graphene-carbon coatings for heat dissipation via natural convection with air. In the second, a metal foam-based frame has the double aim to support and cool down the battery pack, both in natural convection and with a local cold point. Finally, the third example consists of a 3D-printed channel plate, with a custom-built design, where water is used for the liquid cooling. Each solution is experimentally investigated, monitoring the electric signals and using contact and contactless methods for temperature detection. A comparison between the three configurations has been performed in terms of the cell increment of temperature versus cell internal heat generation. The reported results provide a guide for the selection of the optimal cooling system oriented to the application.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008408Li-Po batteryCooling systemsGrapheneMetal foam
spellingShingle Luigi Sequino
Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for Li-ion cells using carbon-graphene coatings, metal foams, and 3D printing
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Li-Po battery
Cooling systems
Graphene
Metal foam
title Comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for Li-ion cells using carbon-graphene coatings, metal foams, and 3D printing
title_full Comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for Li-ion cells using carbon-graphene coatings, metal foams, and 3D printing
title_fullStr Comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for Li-ion cells using carbon-graphene coatings, metal foams, and 3D printing
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for Li-ion cells using carbon-graphene coatings, metal foams, and 3D printing
title_short Comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for Li-ion cells using carbon-graphene coatings, metal foams, and 3D printing
title_sort comparative analysis of innovative cooling systems for li ion cells using carbon graphene coatings metal foams and 3d printing
topic Li-Po battery
Cooling systems
Graphene
Metal foam
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008408
work_keys_str_mv AT luigisequino comparativeanalysisofinnovativecoolingsystemsforliioncellsusingcarbongraphenecoatingsmetalfoamsand3dprinting
AT biancamariavaglieco comparativeanalysisofinnovativecoolingsystemsforliioncellsusingcarbongraphenecoatingsmetalfoamsand3dprinting