Genomic Insights into <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>: The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot Blight

Larch shoot blight, caused by the fungus <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>, threatens larch (<i>Larix</i> spp.) forests across northeastern China, jeopardizing both timber productivity and ecological stability. This study aimed to investigate the genomic diversity, population st...

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Main Authors: Jialiang Pan, Zhijun Yu, Wenhao Dai, Chunhe Lv, Yifan Chen, Hong Sun, Jie Chen, Junxin Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Fungi
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/399
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author Jialiang Pan
Zhijun Yu
Wenhao Dai
Chunhe Lv
Yifan Chen
Hong Sun
Jie Chen
Junxin Gao
author_facet Jialiang Pan
Zhijun Yu
Wenhao Dai
Chunhe Lv
Yifan Chen
Hong Sun
Jie Chen
Junxin Gao
author_sort Jialiang Pan
collection DOAJ
description Larch shoot blight, caused by the fungus <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>, threatens larch (<i>Larix</i> spp.) forests across northeastern China, jeopardizing both timber productivity and ecological stability. This study aimed to investigate the genomic diversity, population structure, and potential adaptive mechanisms of <i>N. laricinum</i> across contrasting climatic regions. To achieve this, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 23 <i>N. laricinum</i> isolates collected from three major provinces—Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Jilin—that represent distinct climatic zones ranging from cold-temperate to relatively warmer regions. We identified ~219.1 K genetic variants, offering a detailed portrait of the pathogen’s genomic diversity. Population structure analyses, including principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree, revealed clear genetic differentiation aligning with geographic origin and climate. Functional annotation (GO and KEGG) highlighted enrichment in metabolic, stress-response, and membrane transport pathways, suggesting potential adaptation to varied temperature regimes and environmental pressures. Moreover, region-specific variants—particularly missense and stop-gain mutations—were linked to genes involved in ATP binding, oxidoreductase activity, and cell division, underscoring the fungus’s capacity for rapid adaptation. Collectively, these findings fill a critical gap in the population genetics of <i>N. laricinum</i> and lay a foundation for future disease management strategies to larch shoot blight under changing climatic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-1dbf7b0d37d946ef82b4a3f6bbcd450c2025-08-20T01:56:31ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-05-0111539910.3390/jof11050399Genomic Insights into <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>: The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot BlightJialiang Pan0Zhijun Yu1Wenhao Dai2Chunhe Lv3Yifan Chen4Hong Sun5Jie Chen6Junxin Gao7Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, ChinaCenter for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, ChinaCenter for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, ChinaCenter for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, ChinaCenter for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, ChinaCenter for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaLarch shoot blight, caused by the fungus <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>, threatens larch (<i>Larix</i> spp.) forests across northeastern China, jeopardizing both timber productivity and ecological stability. This study aimed to investigate the genomic diversity, population structure, and potential adaptive mechanisms of <i>N. laricinum</i> across contrasting climatic regions. To achieve this, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 23 <i>N. laricinum</i> isolates collected from three major provinces—Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Jilin—that represent distinct climatic zones ranging from cold-temperate to relatively warmer regions. We identified ~219.1 K genetic variants, offering a detailed portrait of the pathogen’s genomic diversity. Population structure analyses, including principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree, revealed clear genetic differentiation aligning with geographic origin and climate. Functional annotation (GO and KEGG) highlighted enrichment in metabolic, stress-response, and membrane transport pathways, suggesting potential adaptation to varied temperature regimes and environmental pressures. Moreover, region-specific variants—particularly missense and stop-gain mutations—were linked to genes involved in ATP binding, oxidoreductase activity, and cell division, underscoring the fungus’s capacity for rapid adaptation. Collectively, these findings fill a critical gap in the population genetics of <i>N. laricinum</i> and lay a foundation for future disease management strategies to larch shoot blight under changing climatic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/399<i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>larch shoot blightwhole-genome sequencingadaptationgenetic variation
spellingShingle Jialiang Pan
Zhijun Yu
Wenhao Dai
Chunhe Lv
Yifan Chen
Hong Sun
Jie Chen
Junxin Gao
Genomic Insights into <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>: The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot Blight
Journal of Fungi
<i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>
larch shoot blight
whole-genome sequencing
adaptation
genetic variation
title Genomic Insights into <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>: The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot Blight
title_full Genomic Insights into <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>: The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot Blight
title_fullStr Genomic Insights into <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>: The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot Blight
title_full_unstemmed Genomic Insights into <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>: The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot Blight
title_short Genomic Insights into <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>: The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot Blight
title_sort genomic insights into i neofusicoccum laricinum i the pathogen behind chinese larch shoot blight
topic <i>Neofusicoccum laricinum</i>
larch shoot blight
whole-genome sequencing
adaptation
genetic variation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/399
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