Viromics-based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant Akabane disease virus

Abstract Background At the end of 2021, an epidemic of reproductive abnormalities in cows occurred in Jilin Province, China, posing an urgent need for a rapid diagnosis. Results To identify the cause of the disease, a total of 172 samples were collected from 21 dead calves and 45 aborting or pregnan...

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Main Authors: Yue Sun, Ru Zhang, Huiyu Wang, Zheng Sun, Le Yi, Changchun Tu, Yanling Yang, Biao He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04400-5
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author Yue Sun
Ru Zhang
Huiyu Wang
Zheng Sun
Le Yi
Changchun Tu
Yanling Yang
Biao He
author_facet Yue Sun
Ru Zhang
Huiyu Wang
Zheng Sun
Le Yi
Changchun Tu
Yanling Yang
Biao He
author_sort Yue Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background At the end of 2021, an epidemic of reproductive abnormalities in cows occurred in Jilin Province, China, posing an urgent need for a rapid diagnosis. Results To identify the cause of the disease, a total of 172 samples were collected from 21 dead calves and 45 aborting or pregnant cows in 10 farms across the province. Routine PCR or RT-PCR detection did not find any common abortion-related agents. We then employed the viromics-based precision diagnosis method to analyze these samples, and the read-based annotation showed signals of an Akabane disease virus (AKAV) in some libraries. To further identify the virus, nested RT-PCR detection revealed that 52.3% (11/21) of dead calves and 26.6% (12/45) of cows were positive for the virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial fragments showed that the S segment of the virus was 100% identical to the Chinese strain TJ2016, but its M and L segments shared 94.3% and 96.5% identities with an Israeli strain. Conclusions The viromic and molecular results suggested that these animals were infected with a reassortant AKAV. Coupled with the clinical signs, the virus should be responsible for the epizootic, highlighting that molecular and serological surveys of the virus in cows during early pregnancy, as well as ecological investigation in its arthropod vectors, are necessary.
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spelling doaj-art-1dad4a21207b45809f5c1f1ce7c9cd0e2025-08-20T02:08:16ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482024-11-012011910.1186/s12917-024-04400-5Viromics-based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant Akabane disease virusYue Sun0Ru Zhang1Huiyu Wang2Zheng Sun3Le Yi4Changchun Tu5Yanling Yang6Biao He7Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Background At the end of 2021, an epidemic of reproductive abnormalities in cows occurred in Jilin Province, China, posing an urgent need for a rapid diagnosis. Results To identify the cause of the disease, a total of 172 samples were collected from 21 dead calves and 45 aborting or pregnant cows in 10 farms across the province. Routine PCR or RT-PCR detection did not find any common abortion-related agents. We then employed the viromics-based precision diagnosis method to analyze these samples, and the read-based annotation showed signals of an Akabane disease virus (AKAV) in some libraries. To further identify the virus, nested RT-PCR detection revealed that 52.3% (11/21) of dead calves and 26.6% (12/45) of cows were positive for the virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial fragments showed that the S segment of the virus was 100% identical to the Chinese strain TJ2016, but its M and L segments shared 94.3% and 96.5% identities with an Israeli strain. Conclusions The viromic and molecular results suggested that these animals were infected with a reassortant AKAV. Coupled with the clinical signs, the virus should be responsible for the epizootic, highlighting that molecular and serological surveys of the virus in cows during early pregnancy, as well as ecological investigation in its arthropod vectors, are necessary.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04400-5ViromeAkabane disease virusArbovirusCattleReassortment
spellingShingle Yue Sun
Ru Zhang
Huiyu Wang
Zheng Sun
Le Yi
Changchun Tu
Yanling Yang
Biao He
Viromics-based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant Akabane disease virus
BMC Veterinary Research
Virome
Akabane disease virus
Arbovirus
Cattle
Reassortment
title Viromics-based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant Akabane disease virus
title_full Viromics-based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant Akabane disease virus
title_fullStr Viromics-based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant Akabane disease virus
title_full_unstemmed Viromics-based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant Akabane disease virus
title_short Viromics-based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant Akabane disease virus
title_sort viromics based precision diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities in cows reveals a reassortant akabane disease virus
topic Virome
Akabane disease virus
Arbovirus
Cattle
Reassortment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04400-5
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