Changes in lung function in children after pneumonia: a multicenter study

Abstract Background There are few studies on the changes in lung function after pneumonia in children. This study aims to explore the changes in lung function in children after pneumonia and analyze the risk factors for airway disorder, especially the impact of different pathogen infection on lung f...

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Main Authors: Hejun Jiang, Jingsheng Dai, Guifang Zhou, Guijun Yang, Liwen Zhang, Shuhua Yuan, Jing Zhang, Jiande Chen, Mingyu Tang, Jilei Lin, Li Li, Yufen Wu, Yong Yin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Italian Journal of Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-02092-7
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author Hejun Jiang
Jingsheng Dai
Guifang Zhou
Guijun Yang
Liwen Zhang
Shuhua Yuan
Jing Zhang
Jiande Chen
Mingyu Tang
Jilei Lin
Li Li
Yufen Wu
Yong Yin
author_facet Hejun Jiang
Jingsheng Dai
Guifang Zhou
Guijun Yang
Liwen Zhang
Shuhua Yuan
Jing Zhang
Jiande Chen
Mingyu Tang
Jilei Lin
Li Li
Yufen Wu
Yong Yin
author_sort Hejun Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background There are few studies on the changes in lung function after pneumonia in children. This study aims to explore the changes in lung function in children after pneumonia and analyze the risk factors for airway disorder, especially the impact of different pathogen infection on lung function. Methods This study collected data from patients who were hospitalized due to pneumonia in ten Chinese hospitals between January 2023 and December 2024. Pulmonary function tests were performed to assess changes in lung function one week and one month after discharge. Results A total of 566 children were included in this study, with 40.6% of patients still showing airway disorder one week after discharge. Different pathogenic infections had varying effects on pulmonary function. MP (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) infection [OR (95%CI): 1.881(1.268–2.789), P = 0.001] and RhV (rhinovirus) infection [OR (95%CI): 2.402(1.027–5.621), P = 0.043] were significant risk factors for the occurrence of SAD (Small Airway Disorder) one week after discharge. Male gender [OR (95%CI): 2.219, P = 0.001] and MP infection [OR (95%CI): 1.681(1.024–2.761), P = 0.039] were significant risk factors for the occurrence of LAD (Large Airway Disorder) one week after discharge. No positive pathogen results [OR (95%CI): 0.366(0.168–0.800), P = 0.011] were significant protective factors for the persistence of SAD one month after discharge, while RhV infection [OR (95%CI): 7.286(0.802, 66.238), P = 0.077] and lung consolidation [OR (95%CI): 1.753(0.956, 3.214), P = 0.069] showed mild significance for the persistence of SAD one month after discharge. Male gender [OR (95%CI): 2.246(1.137–4.436), P = 0.019] and RhV infection [OR (95%CI): 1.967(1.630–237.549), P = 0.019] were significant risk factors for the persistence of LAD one month after discharge, while no positive pathogen results [OR (95%CI): 0.249(0.092–0.678), P = 0.006] were a significant protective factor. Conclusions Approximately 40.6% of children after pneumonia still had airway disorder one week after discharge, which was closely related to different pathogenic infections. Patients with RhV pneumonia, in particular, should be closely monitored for changes in lung function after discharge.
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spelling doaj-art-1da9dffa90634ec0ac446e702ef7afa02025-08-20T03:43:25ZengBMCItalian Journal of Pediatrics1824-72882025-08-0151111110.1186/s13052-025-02092-7Changes in lung function in children after pneumonia: a multicenter studyHejun Jiang0Jingsheng Dai1Guifang Zhou2Guijun Yang3Liwen Zhang4Shuhua Yuan5Jing Zhang6Jiande Chen7Mingyu Tang8Jilei Lin9Li Li10Yufen Wu11Yong Yin12Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Linyi Maternal and Child Healthcare HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai Children’s Medical Center Outpatient and Emergency Office, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineAbstract Background There are few studies on the changes in lung function after pneumonia in children. This study aims to explore the changes in lung function in children after pneumonia and analyze the risk factors for airway disorder, especially the impact of different pathogen infection on lung function. Methods This study collected data from patients who were hospitalized due to pneumonia in ten Chinese hospitals between January 2023 and December 2024. Pulmonary function tests were performed to assess changes in lung function one week and one month after discharge. Results A total of 566 children were included in this study, with 40.6% of patients still showing airway disorder one week after discharge. Different pathogenic infections had varying effects on pulmonary function. MP (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) infection [OR (95%CI): 1.881(1.268–2.789), P = 0.001] and RhV (rhinovirus) infection [OR (95%CI): 2.402(1.027–5.621), P = 0.043] were significant risk factors for the occurrence of SAD (Small Airway Disorder) one week after discharge. Male gender [OR (95%CI): 2.219, P = 0.001] and MP infection [OR (95%CI): 1.681(1.024–2.761), P = 0.039] were significant risk factors for the occurrence of LAD (Large Airway Disorder) one week after discharge. No positive pathogen results [OR (95%CI): 0.366(0.168–0.800), P = 0.011] were significant protective factors for the persistence of SAD one month after discharge, while RhV infection [OR (95%CI): 7.286(0.802, 66.238), P = 0.077] and lung consolidation [OR (95%CI): 1.753(0.956, 3.214), P = 0.069] showed mild significance for the persistence of SAD one month after discharge. Male gender [OR (95%CI): 2.246(1.137–4.436), P = 0.019] and RhV infection [OR (95%CI): 1.967(1.630–237.549), P = 0.019] were significant risk factors for the persistence of LAD one month after discharge, while no positive pathogen results [OR (95%CI): 0.249(0.092–0.678), P = 0.006] were a significant protective factor. Conclusions Approximately 40.6% of children after pneumonia still had airway disorder one week after discharge, which was closely related to different pathogenic infections. Patients with RhV pneumonia, in particular, should be closely monitored for changes in lung function after discharge.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-02092-7RhinovirusLung functionPneumoniaSmall airway disorderLarge airway disorder
spellingShingle Hejun Jiang
Jingsheng Dai
Guifang Zhou
Guijun Yang
Liwen Zhang
Shuhua Yuan
Jing Zhang
Jiande Chen
Mingyu Tang
Jilei Lin
Li Li
Yufen Wu
Yong Yin
Changes in lung function in children after pneumonia: a multicenter study
Italian Journal of Pediatrics
Rhinovirus
Lung function
Pneumonia
Small airway disorder
Large airway disorder
title Changes in lung function in children after pneumonia: a multicenter study
title_full Changes in lung function in children after pneumonia: a multicenter study
title_fullStr Changes in lung function in children after pneumonia: a multicenter study
title_full_unstemmed Changes in lung function in children after pneumonia: a multicenter study
title_short Changes in lung function in children after pneumonia: a multicenter study
title_sort changes in lung function in children after pneumonia a multicenter study
topic Rhinovirus
Lung function
Pneumonia
Small airway disorder
Large airway disorder
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-02092-7
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