Risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children/adolescent and young adults.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a crucial treatment for various diseases, including hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and genetic disorders. Despite its curative potential, HCT is associated with severe complications, notably infections, graft-versus-host disease, and...

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Main Authors: Daichi Sajiki, Hideki Muramatsu, Manabu Wakamatsu, Daiki Yamashita, Ryo Maemura, Yusuke Tsumura, Masayuki Imaya, Ayako Yamamori, Kotaro Narita, Shinsuke Kataoka, Rieko Taniguchi, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Yoshiyuki Takahashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308395
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author Daichi Sajiki
Hideki Muramatsu
Manabu Wakamatsu
Daiki Yamashita
Ryo Maemura
Yusuke Tsumura
Masayuki Imaya
Ayako Yamamori
Kotaro Narita
Shinsuke Kataoka
Rieko Taniguchi
Atsushi Narita
Nobuhiro Nishio
Yoshiyuki Takahashi
author_facet Daichi Sajiki
Hideki Muramatsu
Manabu Wakamatsu
Daiki Yamashita
Ryo Maemura
Yusuke Tsumura
Masayuki Imaya
Ayako Yamamori
Kotaro Narita
Shinsuke Kataoka
Rieko Taniguchi
Atsushi Narita
Nobuhiro Nishio
Yoshiyuki Takahashi
author_sort Daichi Sajiki
collection DOAJ
description Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a crucial treatment for various diseases, including hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and genetic disorders. Despite its curative potential, HCT is associated with severe complications, notably infections, graft-versus-host disease, and organ damage. Infections, particularly bloodstream infections (BSIs), pose a significant threat in the initial weeks post-HCT, necessitating effective management strategies. This retrospective study aimed to clarify the incidence, pathogens, and risk factors associated with BSI within the first 30 days after allogeneic HCT in children/adolescents and young adults (AYAs). The study included 115 patients aged <31 years who underwent 121 allogeneic HCTs at the Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Hospital between January 1, 2018, and March 31, 2022. Data encompassed demographic characteristics, HCT details, and BSI information. Overall, 27 of 121 patients developed BSI with the cumulative incidence of 23.5% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 17.0%-30.6%) at 30 days after HCT. The median onset time of BSI was 7 (range, 4-26 days) after HCT. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 89% of pathogens isolated from blood cultures, with Streptococcus mitis/oralis being the most common. In multivariable analysis, tandem HCT (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 5.67, 95% CI: 2.74-11.7, p < 0.001) and peripherally inserted central catheters (SHR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.34-6.55, p  =  0.007) were identified as independent risk factors for BSI. In patients receiving tandem HCT, the pathogens isolated from blood cultures were all gram-positive bacteria, with Streptococcus mitis/oralis accounting for up to 67% of the isolated pathogens. Tandem HCT and PICCs were identified as independent risk factors for BSI after allogeneic HCT in children/AYAs. The pathogens were commonly gram-positive, and Streptococcus mitis/oralis is important in patients who received tandem HCT. These data can provide valuable information for future studies to consider effective interventions to reduce the risk of BSI in high-risk patients.
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spelling doaj-art-1da2079b63bc47daafb3ab1cea740bd22025-08-20T03:16:35ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-01198e030839510.1371/journal.pone.0308395Risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children/adolescent and young adults.Daichi SajikiHideki MuramatsuManabu WakamatsuDaiki YamashitaRyo MaemuraYusuke TsumuraMasayuki ImayaAyako YamamoriKotaro NaritaShinsuke KataokaRieko TaniguchiAtsushi NaritaNobuhiro NishioYoshiyuki TakahashiAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a crucial treatment for various diseases, including hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and genetic disorders. Despite its curative potential, HCT is associated with severe complications, notably infections, graft-versus-host disease, and organ damage. Infections, particularly bloodstream infections (BSIs), pose a significant threat in the initial weeks post-HCT, necessitating effective management strategies. This retrospective study aimed to clarify the incidence, pathogens, and risk factors associated with BSI within the first 30 days after allogeneic HCT in children/adolescents and young adults (AYAs). The study included 115 patients aged <31 years who underwent 121 allogeneic HCTs at the Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Hospital between January 1, 2018, and March 31, 2022. Data encompassed demographic characteristics, HCT details, and BSI information. Overall, 27 of 121 patients developed BSI with the cumulative incidence of 23.5% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 17.0%-30.6%) at 30 days after HCT. The median onset time of BSI was 7 (range, 4-26 days) after HCT. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 89% of pathogens isolated from blood cultures, with Streptococcus mitis/oralis being the most common. In multivariable analysis, tandem HCT (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 5.67, 95% CI: 2.74-11.7, p < 0.001) and peripherally inserted central catheters (SHR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.34-6.55, p  =  0.007) were identified as independent risk factors for BSI. In patients receiving tandem HCT, the pathogens isolated from blood cultures were all gram-positive bacteria, with Streptococcus mitis/oralis accounting for up to 67% of the isolated pathogens. Tandem HCT and PICCs were identified as independent risk factors for BSI after allogeneic HCT in children/AYAs. The pathogens were commonly gram-positive, and Streptococcus mitis/oralis is important in patients who received tandem HCT. These data can provide valuable information for future studies to consider effective interventions to reduce the risk of BSI in high-risk patients.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308395
spellingShingle Daichi Sajiki
Hideki Muramatsu
Manabu Wakamatsu
Daiki Yamashita
Ryo Maemura
Yusuke Tsumura
Masayuki Imaya
Ayako Yamamori
Kotaro Narita
Shinsuke Kataoka
Rieko Taniguchi
Atsushi Narita
Nobuhiro Nishio
Yoshiyuki Takahashi
Risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children/adolescent and young adults.
PLoS ONE
title Risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children/adolescent and young adults.
title_full Risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children/adolescent and young adults.
title_fullStr Risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children/adolescent and young adults.
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children/adolescent and young adults.
title_short Risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children/adolescent and young adults.
title_sort risk factors of bloodstream infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children adolescent and young adults
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308395
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