Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration

Abstract Background This theoretical paper aims to explore empathy in the context of technologically mediated patient-provider communication, specifically within the context of video- and telehealth consultations. Over the past few decades, empathy has been recognized as a vital component of high-qu...

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Main Authors: Elisabeth Assing Hvidt, Finn Olesen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13010-025-00172-4
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author Elisabeth Assing Hvidt
Finn Olesen
author_facet Elisabeth Assing Hvidt
Finn Olesen
author_sort Elisabeth Assing Hvidt
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This theoretical paper aims to explore empathy in the context of technologically mediated patient-provider communication, specifically within the context of video- and telehealth consultations. Over the past few decades, empathy has been recognized as a vital component of high-quality patient care, often prioritizing the cognitive over the emotional dimensions of empathy. As healthcare increasingly embraces digital communication technologies, including video consultations, the dynamics of empathy in clinical encounters are altered. With this paper we explore the pertinent question: how do new digital communication modalities impact on empathy and its different dimensions? Methods To address the above question, we move beyond clinical and applied empathy frameworks instead integrating insights from two related philosophical traditions. First, the classical phenomenological understanding of empathy (represented primarily by Edith Stein) as embodied intuition. Second, the postphenomenological philosophy of technology, represented by Don Ihde and not least inspired by Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of embodiment. We apply these theoretical frameworks to empirical analyses of video consultations in general practice and telemedical encounters between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and specialist telenurses. Results Our analysis demonstrates that even though video consultations do not allow for the same level of “fine-tuned” body-mediated sensory input, a whole-body empathetic experience can nevertheless be established through (1) the audio-visual sensory impressions that are being mediated by the technology, (2) our whole-body interpretations of this information and (3) our shared experiences of a lifeworld that we actively orient ourselves towards. These experiences may lead to empathetic communication and helping actions that draw on both emotional, intuitive and cognitive dimensions in a holistic manner. Conclusion Combining theoretical insights from phenomenology and postphenomenology with empirical telehealth analyses, we demonstrate how empathy is both reconfigured through technological mediation and sustained as an embodied, intersubjective practice. We thus conclude that empathetic care practices can be established in technologically mediated encounters through bodily intentionality where our bodies and minds are unified in understanding and connecting with other persons, even though we are not in the same physical space. We propose a theoretical bridge, connecting classical phenomenology and postphenomenology in the context of empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication. This bridge is grounded in Merleau-Ponty’s conception of whole-body perception and the lifeworld whether through physical proximity or digital interaction.
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spelling doaj-art-1d9653f778d24d1787c7c4d21ccfbf4d2025-08-20T02:37:34ZengBMCPhilosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine1747-53412025-06-0120111010.1186/s13010-025-00172-4Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological explorationElisabeth Assing Hvidt0Finn Olesen1University of Southern DenmarkAarhus UniversityAbstract Background This theoretical paper aims to explore empathy in the context of technologically mediated patient-provider communication, specifically within the context of video- and telehealth consultations. Over the past few decades, empathy has been recognized as a vital component of high-quality patient care, often prioritizing the cognitive over the emotional dimensions of empathy. As healthcare increasingly embraces digital communication technologies, including video consultations, the dynamics of empathy in clinical encounters are altered. With this paper we explore the pertinent question: how do new digital communication modalities impact on empathy and its different dimensions? Methods To address the above question, we move beyond clinical and applied empathy frameworks instead integrating insights from two related philosophical traditions. First, the classical phenomenological understanding of empathy (represented primarily by Edith Stein) as embodied intuition. Second, the postphenomenological philosophy of technology, represented by Don Ihde and not least inspired by Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of embodiment. We apply these theoretical frameworks to empirical analyses of video consultations in general practice and telemedical encounters between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and specialist telenurses. Results Our analysis demonstrates that even though video consultations do not allow for the same level of “fine-tuned” body-mediated sensory input, a whole-body empathetic experience can nevertheless be established through (1) the audio-visual sensory impressions that are being mediated by the technology, (2) our whole-body interpretations of this information and (3) our shared experiences of a lifeworld that we actively orient ourselves towards. These experiences may lead to empathetic communication and helping actions that draw on both emotional, intuitive and cognitive dimensions in a holistic manner. Conclusion Combining theoretical insights from phenomenology and postphenomenology with empirical telehealth analyses, we demonstrate how empathy is both reconfigured through technological mediation and sustained as an embodied, intersubjective practice. We thus conclude that empathetic care practices can be established in technologically mediated encounters through bodily intentionality where our bodies and minds are unified in understanding and connecting with other persons, even though we are not in the same physical space. We propose a theoretical bridge, connecting classical phenomenology and postphenomenology in the context of empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication. This bridge is grounded in Merleau-Ponty’s conception of whole-body perception and the lifeworld whether through physical proximity or digital interaction.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13010-025-00172-4EmpathyTelehealth consultationsPhenomenologyPostphenomenologyTechnological mediation
spellingShingle Elisabeth Assing Hvidt
Finn Olesen
Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration
Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine
Empathy
Telehealth consultations
Phenomenology
Postphenomenology
Technological mediation
title Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration
title_full Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration
title_fullStr Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration
title_full_unstemmed Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration
title_short Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration
title_sort empathy in technologically mediated patient provider communication a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration
topic Empathy
Telehealth consultations
Phenomenology
Postphenomenology
Technological mediation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13010-025-00172-4
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