Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory and Heavy Metal Biomarkers in Exclusive E-Cigarette Users, Combustible Tobacco Users, and Non-Users Aged 18–30: A Cross-Sectional NHANES Analysis

Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory and Heavy Metal Biomarkers in Exclusive E-Cigarette Users, Combustible Tobacco Users, and Non-Users Aged 18–30: A Cross-Sectional NHANES Analysis

While cigarette smoking has declined, e-cigarette use among young adults has increased in the USA. This cross-sectional study compared complete blood counts, C-reactive protein, and select blood metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, manganese) among exclusive combustible tobacco users, exclusive...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Luke Manietta, William Drake, Wasantha Jayawardene
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:	Journal of Xenobiotics
Subjects:	e-cigarettes cigarettes inflammatory biomarkers heavy metals NHANES
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/2/53
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