RETRACTED: Influence of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Root Exudation of Phytoalexins, Signals, and in Disease Resistance
The roots of plants secrete compounds as a way to exchange information with organisms living in the soil. Here, we report the involvement of seven root-expressed ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters corresponding to both full and half-size molecules (Atabcg36, Atabcg37, Atabcc5, Atabcf1, Atabcf3,...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2012.00149/full |
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| author | Dayakar V. Badri Jacqueline M. Chaparro Daniel K. Manter Enrico Martinoia Jorge M. Vivanco |
| author_facet | Dayakar V. Badri Jacqueline M. Chaparro Daniel K. Manter Enrico Martinoia Jorge M. Vivanco |
| author_sort | Dayakar V. Badri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The roots of plants secrete compounds as a way to exchange information with organisms living in the soil. Here, we report the involvement of seven root-expressed ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters corresponding to both full and half-size molecules (Atabcg36, Atabcg37, Atabcc5, Atabcf1, Atabcf3, Atnap5, and Atath10) in root exudation processes using Arabidopsis thaliana. Root exuded phytochemicals were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it was determined that some of the root exudates from the corresponding ABC transporter mutants were significantly different compared to the wild type. For example, Atabcg37 and Atabcc5 secreted higher levels of the phytoalexin camalexin, and Atabcg36 secreted higher levels of organic acids, specifically salicylic acid (SA). Furthermore, we analyzed the root tissue metabolites of these seven ABC transporter mutants and found that the levels of SA, quercetin, and kaempferol glucosides were higher in Atabcg36, which was correlated with higher expression levels of defense genes in the root tissues compared with the wild type. We did not observe significant changes in the root exudates of the half-size transporters except for Atabcf1 that showed lower levels of few organic acids. In summary, full-size transporters are involved in root secretion of phytochemicals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1d86c05a2fca4cfb83a9078fd7e4cb23 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-1d86c05a2fca4cfb83a9078fd7e4cb232025-08-20T02:31:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2012-07-01310.3389/fpls.2012.0014924907RETRACTED: Influence of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Root Exudation of Phytoalexins, Signals, and in Disease ResistanceDayakar V. Badri0Jacqueline M. Chaparro1Daniel K. Manter2Enrico Martinoia3Jorge M. Vivanco4Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USACenter for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USASoil-Plant-Nutrient Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceFort Collins, CO, USAZurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Institute of Plant Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology, University of ZurichZurich, SwitzerlandCenter for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USAThe roots of plants secrete compounds as a way to exchange information with organisms living in the soil. Here, we report the involvement of seven root-expressed ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters corresponding to both full and half-size molecules (Atabcg36, Atabcg37, Atabcc5, Atabcf1, Atabcf3, Atnap5, and Atath10) in root exudation processes using Arabidopsis thaliana. Root exuded phytochemicals were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it was determined that some of the root exudates from the corresponding ABC transporter mutants were significantly different compared to the wild type. For example, Atabcg37 and Atabcc5 secreted higher levels of the phytoalexin camalexin, and Atabcg36 secreted higher levels of organic acids, specifically salicylic acid (SA). Furthermore, we analyzed the root tissue metabolites of these seven ABC transporter mutants and found that the levels of SA, quercetin, and kaempferol glucosides were higher in Atabcg36, which was correlated with higher expression levels of defense genes in the root tissues compared with the wild type. We did not observe significant changes in the root exudates of the half-size transporters except for Atabcf1 that showed lower levels of few organic acids. In summary, full-size transporters are involved in root secretion of phytochemicals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2012.00149/fullABC transportersphytoalexinroot exudatesdisease resistancesalicylic aciddefense proteins |
| spellingShingle | Dayakar V. Badri Jacqueline M. Chaparro Daniel K. Manter Enrico Martinoia Jorge M. Vivanco RETRACTED: Influence of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Root Exudation of Phytoalexins, Signals, and in Disease Resistance Frontiers in Plant Science ABC transporters phytoalexin root exudates disease resistance salicylic acid defense proteins |
| title | RETRACTED: Influence of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Root Exudation of Phytoalexins, Signals, and in Disease Resistance |
| title_full | RETRACTED: Influence of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Root Exudation of Phytoalexins, Signals, and in Disease Resistance |
| title_fullStr | RETRACTED: Influence of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Root Exudation of Phytoalexins, Signals, and in Disease Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | RETRACTED: Influence of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Root Exudation of Phytoalexins, Signals, and in Disease Resistance |
| title_short | RETRACTED: Influence of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Root Exudation of Phytoalexins, Signals, and in Disease Resistance |
| title_sort | retracted influence of atp binding cassette transporters in root exudation of phytoalexins signals and in disease resistance |
| topic | ABC transporters phytoalexin root exudates disease resistance salicylic acid defense proteins |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2012.00149/full |
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