Three-Dimensional Modelling and Validation for the Ultra-High-Speed EDS Rocket Sled with PM Halbach Array
The ultra-high-speed rocket sled plays an important role in the ground test by simulating altitude flight. Rocket sleds can only be lifted for a short time with thermally uninsulated superconductors moving among an eddy-current-induced copper array. For the purpose of durable lifting, an electrodyna...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/5/225 |
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| author | Yongpan Hu Baojun Chen Guobin Lin Zhiqiang Wang |
| author_facet | Yongpan Hu Baojun Chen Guobin Lin Zhiqiang Wang |
| author_sort | Yongpan Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ultra-high-speed rocket sled plays an important role in the ground test by simulating altitude flight. Rocket sleds can only be lifted for a short time with thermally uninsulated superconductors moving among an eddy-current-induced copper array. For the purpose of durable lifting, an electrodynamic suspension (EDS) with a permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array moving over a conductor plate can be adopted to upgrade the rocket sled. The earlier study built a two-dimensional (2D) model for the PM EDS system. Yet, 2D modelling in our earlier research ignored the magnetic field variation along both widths of the Halbach array and conductor plate. This resulted in a more than 50% error between the analytical electromagnetic forces with both the three-dimensional (3D) simulated and experimental results. To reduce the error, this paper puts forward more accurate analytical electromagnetic force formulas by a 3D modelling method encompassing both widths of the Halbach array and conductor plate. The 3D model was built by periodically extending the PM EDS system along both directions of the width and length. Then, by double Fourier series expansion and omitting high-order components, the electromagnetic forces can be approximated by brief formulas. Moreover, lift-to-weight and lift-to-drag optimization are discussed. Finally, the correctness of the 3D electromagnetic force formulas was verified by both the numerical simulation and experiment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1d8049a649314f8eae8b67f1118176fc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-0825 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Actuators |
| spelling | doaj-art-1d8049a649314f8eae8b67f1118176fc2025-08-20T03:14:38ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252025-05-0114522510.3390/act14050225Three-Dimensional Modelling and Validation for the Ultra-High-Speed EDS Rocket Sled with PM Halbach ArrayYongpan Hu0Baojun Chen1Guobin Lin2Zhiqiang Wang3Key Laboratory of Railway Industry of Maglev Technology, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaCollege of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaKey Laboratory of Railway Industry of Maglev Technology, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaCollege of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaThe ultra-high-speed rocket sled plays an important role in the ground test by simulating altitude flight. Rocket sleds can only be lifted for a short time with thermally uninsulated superconductors moving among an eddy-current-induced copper array. For the purpose of durable lifting, an electrodynamic suspension (EDS) with a permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array moving over a conductor plate can be adopted to upgrade the rocket sled. The earlier study built a two-dimensional (2D) model for the PM EDS system. Yet, 2D modelling in our earlier research ignored the magnetic field variation along both widths of the Halbach array and conductor plate. This resulted in a more than 50% error between the analytical electromagnetic forces with both the three-dimensional (3D) simulated and experimental results. To reduce the error, this paper puts forward more accurate analytical electromagnetic force formulas by a 3D modelling method encompassing both widths of the Halbach array and conductor plate. The 3D model was built by periodically extending the PM EDS system along both directions of the width and length. Then, by double Fourier series expansion and omitting high-order components, the electromagnetic forces can be approximated by brief formulas. Moreover, lift-to-weight and lift-to-drag optimization are discussed. Finally, the correctness of the 3D electromagnetic force formulas was verified by both the numerical simulation and experiment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/5/225electromagnetic forceselectrodynamic suspension (EDS)permanent magnet (PM)Halbach array |
| spellingShingle | Yongpan Hu Baojun Chen Guobin Lin Zhiqiang Wang Three-Dimensional Modelling and Validation for the Ultra-High-Speed EDS Rocket Sled with PM Halbach Array Actuators electromagnetic forces electrodynamic suspension (EDS) permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array |
| title | Three-Dimensional Modelling and Validation for the Ultra-High-Speed EDS Rocket Sled with PM Halbach Array |
| title_full | Three-Dimensional Modelling and Validation for the Ultra-High-Speed EDS Rocket Sled with PM Halbach Array |
| title_fullStr | Three-Dimensional Modelling and Validation for the Ultra-High-Speed EDS Rocket Sled with PM Halbach Array |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-Dimensional Modelling and Validation for the Ultra-High-Speed EDS Rocket Sled with PM Halbach Array |
| title_short | Three-Dimensional Modelling and Validation for the Ultra-High-Speed EDS Rocket Sled with PM Halbach Array |
| title_sort | three dimensional modelling and validation for the ultra high speed eds rocket sled with pm halbach array |
| topic | electromagnetic forces electrodynamic suspension (EDS) permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/5/225 |
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