Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications

Abstract This review synthesizes how amino acid (AA) metabolism regulates rice stress tolerance, growth and quality through stress protection and growth-modulating pathways, bridging mechanisms to field applications. Under abiotic stresses, rice accumulates specific AAs—notably proline (Pro), γ-amin...

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Main Authors: Hangfei Luo, Bowen Wu, Bakht Amin, Jiaxu Li, Zhongbo Chen, Jian Shi, Weiting Huang, Zhongming Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Rice
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00829-w
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author Hangfei Luo
Bowen Wu
Bakht Amin
Jiaxu Li
Zhongbo Chen
Jian Shi
Weiting Huang
Zhongming Fang
author_facet Hangfei Luo
Bowen Wu
Bakht Amin
Jiaxu Li
Zhongbo Chen
Jian Shi
Weiting Huang
Zhongming Fang
author_sort Hangfei Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This review synthesizes how amino acid (AA) metabolism regulates rice stress tolerance, growth and quality through stress protection and growth-modulating pathways, bridging mechanisms to field applications. Under abiotic stresses, rice accumulates specific AAs—notably proline (Pro), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and branched-chain AAs (BCAAs)—as osmoprotectants and antioxidants, correlating strongly with stress tolerance. Genetic evidence establishes causality: overexpression of biosynthetic genes (e.g., OsOAT for Pro, OsDIAT for BCAAs), while suppressing catabolism (e.g., OsProDH knockout) or engineering AA transporters (AATs) (e.g., ABA-induced OsANT1 for amino acids redistribution) enhances tolerance. Integrated AA biosynthetic, catabolic, and transport pathways collectively maintain cellular function under stress. These insights enable practical strategies: exogenous AA treatments (e.g., Pro, GABA) mitigate stress damage, while breeding/engineering (e.g., OsAAP3, OsAAP11, and OsProDH knockout) develops high-yield, high-quality, and stress-tolerant rice. Future work should translate molecular insights into field applications, addressing trade-offs between growth, nutrition, and tolerance to enhance climate-resilient rice production.
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issn 1939-8425
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-1d69c015af2041c0a264e79751e4740a2025-08-20T03:46:24ZengSpringerOpenRice1939-84251939-84332025-07-0118111510.1186/s12284-025-00829-wAmino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural ApplicationsHangfei Luo0Bowen Wu1Bakht Amin2Jiaxu Li3Zhongbo Chen4Jian Shi5Weiting Huang6Zhongming Fang7Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou UniversityInstitute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou UniversityInstitute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou UniversityInstitute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou UniversityInstitute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou UniversityInstitute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou UniversityInstitute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou UniversityInstitute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou UniversityAbstract This review synthesizes how amino acid (AA) metabolism regulates rice stress tolerance, growth and quality through stress protection and growth-modulating pathways, bridging mechanisms to field applications. Under abiotic stresses, rice accumulates specific AAs—notably proline (Pro), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and branched-chain AAs (BCAAs)—as osmoprotectants and antioxidants, correlating strongly with stress tolerance. Genetic evidence establishes causality: overexpression of biosynthetic genes (e.g., OsOAT for Pro, OsDIAT for BCAAs), while suppressing catabolism (e.g., OsProDH knockout) or engineering AA transporters (AATs) (e.g., ABA-induced OsANT1 for amino acids redistribution) enhances tolerance. Integrated AA biosynthetic, catabolic, and transport pathways collectively maintain cellular function under stress. These insights enable practical strategies: exogenous AA treatments (e.g., Pro, GABA) mitigate stress damage, while breeding/engineering (e.g., OsAAP3, OsAAP11, and OsProDH knockout) develops high-yield, high-quality, and stress-tolerant rice. Future work should translate molecular insights into field applications, addressing trade-offs between growth, nutrition, and tolerance to enhance climate-resilient rice production.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00829-wAmino AcidStress ToleranceGenetic EngineeringTransportersAgricultural BiotechnologyRice
spellingShingle Hangfei Luo
Bowen Wu
Bakht Amin
Jiaxu Li
Zhongbo Chen
Jian Shi
Weiting Huang
Zhongming Fang
Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications
Rice
Amino Acid
Stress Tolerance
Genetic Engineering
Transporters
Agricultural Biotechnology
Rice
title Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications
title_full Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications
title_fullStr Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications
title_full_unstemmed Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications
title_short Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications
title_sort amino acid regulation in rice integrated mechanisms and agricultural applications
topic Amino Acid
Stress Tolerance
Genetic Engineering
Transporters
Agricultural Biotechnology
Rice
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00829-w
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