Small-molecule activation of TFEB alleviates Niemann–Pick disease type C via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis

Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is a devastating lysosomal storage disease characterized by abnormal cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. Currently, there is no treatment for NPC. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the microphthalmia transcription factors (MiTF), has emerged as a master...

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Main Authors: Kaili Du, Hongyu Chen, Zhaonan Pan, Mengli Zhao, Shixue Cheng, Yu Luo, Wenhe Zhang, Dan Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2025-04-01
Series:eLife
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Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/103137
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author Kaili Du
Hongyu Chen
Zhaonan Pan
Mengli Zhao
Shixue Cheng
Yu Luo
Wenhe Zhang
Dan Li
author_facet Kaili Du
Hongyu Chen
Zhaonan Pan
Mengli Zhao
Shixue Cheng
Yu Luo
Wenhe Zhang
Dan Li
author_sort Kaili Du
collection DOAJ
description Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is a devastating lysosomal storage disease characterized by abnormal cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. Currently, there is no treatment for NPC. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the microphthalmia transcription factors (MiTF), has emerged as a master regulator of lysosomal function and promoted the clearance of substrates stored in cells. However, it is not known whether TFEB plays a role in cholesterol clearance in NPC disease. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression of TFEB, but not TFE3 (another member of MiTF family) facilitates cholesterol clearance in various NPC1 cell models. Pharmacological activation of TFEB by sulforaphane (SFN), a previously identified natural small-molecule TFEB agonist by us, can dramatically ameliorate cholesterol accumulation in human and mouse NPC1 cell models. In NPC1 cells, SFN induces TFEB nuclear translocation via a ROS-Ca2+-calcineurin-dependent but MTOR-independent pathway and upregulates the expression of TFEB-downstream genes, promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis. While genetic inhibition of TFEB abolishes the cholesterol clearance and exocytosis effect by SFN. In the NPC1 mouse model, SFN dephosphorylates/activates TFEB in the brain and exhibits potent efficacy of rescuing the loss of Purkinje cells and body weight. Hence, pharmacological upregulating lysosome machinery via targeting TFEB represents a promising approach to treat NPC and related lysosomal storage diseases, and provides the possibility of TFEB agonists, that is, SFN as potential NPC therapeutic candidates.
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spelling doaj-art-1d695d09ef7345d09046a54f2f3dd85a2025-08-20T03:07:32ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2025-04-011310.7554/eLife.103137Small-molecule activation of TFEB alleviates Niemann–Pick disease type C via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesisKaili Du0Hongyu Chen1Zhaonan Pan2Mengli Zhao3Shixue Cheng4Yu Luo5Wenhe Zhang6Dan Li7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-5151Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United StatesCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United StatesNiemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is a devastating lysosomal storage disease characterized by abnormal cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. Currently, there is no treatment for NPC. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the microphthalmia transcription factors (MiTF), has emerged as a master regulator of lysosomal function and promoted the clearance of substrates stored in cells. However, it is not known whether TFEB plays a role in cholesterol clearance in NPC disease. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression of TFEB, but not TFE3 (another member of MiTF family) facilitates cholesterol clearance in various NPC1 cell models. Pharmacological activation of TFEB by sulforaphane (SFN), a previously identified natural small-molecule TFEB agonist by us, can dramatically ameliorate cholesterol accumulation in human and mouse NPC1 cell models. In NPC1 cells, SFN induces TFEB nuclear translocation via a ROS-Ca2+-calcineurin-dependent but MTOR-independent pathway and upregulates the expression of TFEB-downstream genes, promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis. While genetic inhibition of TFEB abolishes the cholesterol clearance and exocytosis effect by SFN. In the NPC1 mouse model, SFN dephosphorylates/activates TFEB in the brain and exhibits potent efficacy of rescuing the loss of Purkinje cells and body weight. Hence, pharmacological upregulating lysosome machinery via targeting TFEB represents a promising approach to treat NPC and related lysosomal storage diseases, and provides the possibility of TFEB agonists, that is, SFN as potential NPC therapeutic candidates.https://elifesciences.org/articles/103137TFEB agonistscholesterol accumulationNPC1lysosome
spellingShingle Kaili Du
Hongyu Chen
Zhaonan Pan
Mengli Zhao
Shixue Cheng
Yu Luo
Wenhe Zhang
Dan Li
Small-molecule activation of TFEB alleviates Niemann–Pick disease type C via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis
eLife
TFEB agonists
cholesterol accumulation
NPC1
lysosome
title Small-molecule activation of TFEB alleviates Niemann–Pick disease type C via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis
title_full Small-molecule activation of TFEB alleviates Niemann–Pick disease type C via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis
title_fullStr Small-molecule activation of TFEB alleviates Niemann–Pick disease type C via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Small-molecule activation of TFEB alleviates Niemann–Pick disease type C via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis
title_short Small-molecule activation of TFEB alleviates Niemann–Pick disease type C via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis
title_sort small molecule activation of tfeb alleviates niemann pick disease type c via promoting lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis
topic TFEB agonists
cholesterol accumulation
NPC1
lysosome
url https://elifesciences.org/articles/103137
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