Effects of immersion on young learners’ proficiency in Hong Kong

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Hong Kong primary school where the effects of an immersion programme on the English proficiency development of Grades 1–3 pupils were evaluated. Ninety-seven English-medium instruction (EMI) students and their 225 Chinese-medium instruction (CMI) peer...

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Main Authors: Edward Y. W. Chu, Xuyan Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2533694
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author Edward Y. W. Chu
Xuyan Qiu
author_facet Edward Y. W. Chu
Xuyan Qiu
author_sort Edward Y. W. Chu
collection DOAJ
description This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Hong Kong primary school where the effects of an immersion programme on the English proficiency development of Grades 1–3 pupils were evaluated. Ninety-seven English-medium instruction (EMI) students and their 225 Chinese-medium instruction (CMI) peers completed pre-test and post-tests at the beginning and end of the academic year, respectively. Three administrators, six teachers, and one parent were interviewed regarding the programme’s effectiveness. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the EMI and CMI groups, while the thematic content analysis was conducted to analyse the interview data. The quantitative results indicate that both EMI and CMI students improved their L2 (English) proficiency. The qualitative findings imply that the EMI group achieved this without compromising their first language (Chinese) and content subject learning. Different stakeholders attributed the effectiveness of immersion to student characteristics, teacher support, rich L2 resources, and parental involvement. The findings of this study provide pedagogical suggestions on the implementation of EMI for young learners.
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spelling doaj-art-1d5eb737da65484d956421e65fc9e6cd2025-08-20T02:40:52ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Education2331-186X2025-12-0112110.1080/2331186X.2025.2533694Effects of immersion on young learners’ proficiency in Hong KongEdward Y. W. Chu0Xuyan Qiu1Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Homantin, Hong KongThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong KongThis quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Hong Kong primary school where the effects of an immersion programme on the English proficiency development of Grades 1–3 pupils were evaluated. Ninety-seven English-medium instruction (EMI) students and their 225 Chinese-medium instruction (CMI) peers completed pre-test and post-tests at the beginning and end of the academic year, respectively. Three administrators, six teachers, and one parent were interviewed regarding the programme’s effectiveness. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the EMI and CMI groups, while the thematic content analysis was conducted to analyse the interview data. The quantitative results indicate that both EMI and CMI students improved their L2 (English) proficiency. The qualitative findings imply that the EMI group achieved this without compromising their first language (Chinese) and content subject learning. Different stakeholders attributed the effectiveness of immersion to student characteristics, teacher support, rich L2 resources, and parental involvement. The findings of this study provide pedagogical suggestions on the implementation of EMI for young learners.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2533694Bilingual educationimmersionprimary schoolHong Kongfirst languagecontent subject
spellingShingle Edward Y. W. Chu
Xuyan Qiu
Effects of immersion on young learners’ proficiency in Hong Kong
Cogent Education
Bilingual education
immersion
primary school
Hong Kong
first language
content subject
title Effects of immersion on young learners’ proficiency in Hong Kong
title_full Effects of immersion on young learners’ proficiency in Hong Kong
title_fullStr Effects of immersion on young learners’ proficiency in Hong Kong
title_full_unstemmed Effects of immersion on young learners’ proficiency in Hong Kong
title_short Effects of immersion on young learners’ proficiency in Hong Kong
title_sort effects of immersion on young learners proficiency in hong kong
topic Bilingual education
immersion
primary school
Hong Kong
first language
content subject
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2533694
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AT xuyanqiu effectsofimmersiononyounglearnersproficiencyinhongkong