In situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removal
Abstract In this study, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal was investigated and optimized using the electrocoagulation process (ECP). The effective parameters including initial SMX concentration, current density, solution pH, reaction time, type and concentration of supporting electrolyte...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96990-9 |
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| author | Omid Paknia Mohammad Hassan Moshafi Faeze Ashkar Maryam Dolatabadi Saeid Ahmadzadeh |
| author_facet | Omid Paknia Mohammad Hassan Moshafi Faeze Ashkar Maryam Dolatabadi Saeid Ahmadzadeh |
| author_sort | Omid Paknia |
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| description | Abstract In this study, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal was investigated and optimized using the electrocoagulation process (ECP). The effective parameters including initial SMX concentration, current density, solution pH, reaction time, type and concentration of supporting electrolytes, and types of electrodes (Fe/Fe, Al/Al, Cu/Cu, and Zn/Zn), on the treatment process were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) applied for designing the study based on central composite design (CCD). The maximum treatment efficiency and energy consumption of 99.9% and 0.743 kWh m−3, respectively, was found in the optimum process condition including initial SMX concentration of 20 mg L−1, current density of 15.0 mA cm−2, solution pH of 9.0, reaction time of 17.0 min, 20 mM of NaCl as supporting electrolyte using Fe/Fe electrode. The statistical data including p-value of < 0.0001, F-value of 311.2, high determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9878, adjusted R2 of 0.9847, and predicted R2 of 0.9753 were revealed satisfactory correlation between the predicted values and experimental findings for the developed model. The ECP involves a combination of multiple mechanisms such as coagulation, flocculation, flotation, sedimentation, and adsorption that act synergistically to remove contaminants by applying electrical current. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-1d5528fd9f764071991934ac03cbb9f02025-08-20T02:27:52ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-96990-9In situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removalOmid Paknia0Mohammad Hassan Moshafi1Faeze Ashkar2Maryam Dolatabadi3Saeid Ahmadzadeh4Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical SciencesEnvironmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical SciencesPharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical SciencesAbstract In this study, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal was investigated and optimized using the electrocoagulation process (ECP). The effective parameters including initial SMX concentration, current density, solution pH, reaction time, type and concentration of supporting electrolytes, and types of electrodes (Fe/Fe, Al/Al, Cu/Cu, and Zn/Zn), on the treatment process were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) applied for designing the study based on central composite design (CCD). The maximum treatment efficiency and energy consumption of 99.9% and 0.743 kWh m−3, respectively, was found in the optimum process condition including initial SMX concentration of 20 mg L−1, current density of 15.0 mA cm−2, solution pH of 9.0, reaction time of 17.0 min, 20 mM of NaCl as supporting electrolyte using Fe/Fe electrode. The statistical data including p-value of < 0.0001, F-value of 311.2, high determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9878, adjusted R2 of 0.9847, and predicted R2 of 0.9753 were revealed satisfactory correlation between the predicted values and experimental findings for the developed model. The ECP involves a combination of multiple mechanisms such as coagulation, flocculation, flotation, sedimentation, and adsorption that act synergistically to remove contaminants by applying electrical current.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96990-9ElectrocoagulationSulfamethoxazoleResponse surface methodologyHospital sewage treatment |
| spellingShingle | Omid Paknia Mohammad Hassan Moshafi Faeze Ashkar Maryam Dolatabadi Saeid Ahmadzadeh In situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removal Scientific Reports Electrocoagulation Sulfamethoxazole Response surface methodology Hospital sewage treatment |
| title | In situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removal |
| title_full | In situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removal |
| title_fullStr | In situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | In situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removal |
| title_short | In situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removal |
| title_sort | in situ electrochemical generated metal hydroxides as coagulants for optimization of sulfamethoxazole removal |
| topic | Electrocoagulation Sulfamethoxazole Response surface methodology Hospital sewage treatment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96990-9 |
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