Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.

Ramalina sp. (Ramalinaceae) is a type of lichen known to contain many active secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be used as medicine or medicinal raw materials. One of the biological activities possessed by Ramalina sp. lichen is its anticancer activity. This research aims to i...

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Main Authors: Akhmad Darmawan, Maulidiyah, Megawati, Novita Ariani, Sitti Aisya, Sukirno, Ahmad Randy, Gian Primahana, Medi Hendra, Muhammad Nurdin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Brawijaya 2024-07-01
Series:Journal of Tropical Life Science
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Online Access:https://jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/3142
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author Akhmad Darmawan
Maulidiyah
Megawati
Novita Ariani
Sitti Aisya
Sukirno
Ahmad Randy
Gian Primahana
Medi Hendra
Muhammad Nurdin
author_facet Akhmad Darmawan
Maulidiyah
Megawati
Novita Ariani
Sitti Aisya
Sukirno
Ahmad Randy
Gian Primahana
Medi Hendra
Muhammad Nurdin
author_sort Akhmad Darmawan
collection DOAJ
description Ramalina sp. (Ramalinaceae) is a type of lichen known to contain many active secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be used as medicine or medicinal raw materials. One of the biological activities possessed by Ramalina sp. lichen is its anticancer activity. This research aims to isolate and identify active secondary metabolite compounds from the methanol extract of the Ramalina sp. lichen and to find out the cytotoxic activity of the isolated compound against MCF7 breast cancer cells. Compound 1 (usnic acid) was successfully isolated from fraction A. The isolation and purification process was carried out starting with a maceration process using acetone solvent, followed by silica gel column chromatography using a gradient solvent system consisting of n-hexane, n-hexane:EtOAc, EtOAc, EtOAc:MeOH, and MeOH with 5% increment of polarity to obtain 17 fractions (F-1 to F-17). From the 17 fractions obtained, fraction 3 (F-3) and fraction 4 (F-4) (eluted with n-hexane:EtOAc 30%), which had the same TLC profile, were combined and named as fraction A. Compound 1 (50 mg) is a yellow needle crystal that was formed in a bottle of fraction A, which was obtained after the process of combining fractions F-3 and F-4 and solvent evaporation process. The crystals were then separated and purified with CHCl3 and MeOH. Compound 1 was then characterized based on spectroscopic data. Various spectroscopic analysis data, including FTIR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and LC-ESI-MS, show that Compound 1 is a dibenzofuran derivative compound with 18 carbons (3 from carbonyl groups (C=O) and 3 from methyl groups) and 2 hydroxyl (-OH). Cytotoxicity assay showed that at a low concentration of 18.75 ug/mL, Compound 1 caused a 67.06% decrease in MCF7 viability
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issn 2087-5517
2527-4376
language English
publishDate 2024-07-01
publisher University of Brawijaya
record_format Article
series Journal of Tropical Life Science
spelling doaj-art-1d3c1d924d5f4ac0bb3f3d8ea75dab372025-08-20T02:38:50ZengUniversity of BrawijayaJournal of Tropical Life Science2087-55172527-43762024-07-01142349 – 356349 – 35610.11594/jtls.14.02.143087Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.Akhmad Darmawan0Maulidiyah1Megawati2Novita Ariani3Sitti Aisya4Sukirno5Ahmad Randy6Gian Primahana7Medi Hendra8Muhammad Nurdin9Research Center for Drug Ingredients and Traditional Medicine-BRINDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Life Science Halu Oleo UniversityResearch Center for Drug Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN)Research Center for Chemistry, Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Life Science Halu Oleo UniversityResearch Center for Drug Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN)Research Center for Drug Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN)Research Center for Drug Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Life Science Mulawarman UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Life Science Halu Oleo UniversityRamalina sp. (Ramalinaceae) is a type of lichen known to contain many active secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be used as medicine or medicinal raw materials. One of the biological activities possessed by Ramalina sp. lichen is its anticancer activity. This research aims to isolate and identify active secondary metabolite compounds from the methanol extract of the Ramalina sp. lichen and to find out the cytotoxic activity of the isolated compound against MCF7 breast cancer cells. Compound 1 (usnic acid) was successfully isolated from fraction A. The isolation and purification process was carried out starting with a maceration process using acetone solvent, followed by silica gel column chromatography using a gradient solvent system consisting of n-hexane, n-hexane:EtOAc, EtOAc, EtOAc:MeOH, and MeOH with 5% increment of polarity to obtain 17 fractions (F-1 to F-17). From the 17 fractions obtained, fraction 3 (F-3) and fraction 4 (F-4) (eluted with n-hexane:EtOAc 30%), which had the same TLC profile, were combined and named as fraction A. Compound 1 (50 mg) is a yellow needle crystal that was formed in a bottle of fraction A, which was obtained after the process of combining fractions F-3 and F-4 and solvent evaporation process. The crystals were then separated and purified with CHCl3 and MeOH. Compound 1 was then characterized based on spectroscopic data. Various spectroscopic analysis data, including FTIR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and LC-ESI-MS, show that Compound 1 is a dibenzofuran derivative compound with 18 carbons (3 from carbonyl groups (C=O) and 3 from methyl groups) and 2 hydroxyl (-OH). Cytotoxicity assay showed that at a low concentration of 18.75 ug/mL, Compound 1 caused a 67.06% decrease in MCF7 viabilityhttps://jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/3142cytotoxicity ftirlc-esi-msnmrramalina sp usnic acid
spellingShingle Akhmad Darmawan
Maulidiyah
Megawati
Novita Ariani
Sitti Aisya
Sukirno
Ahmad Randy
Gian Primahana
Medi Hendra
Muhammad Nurdin
Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.
Journal of Tropical Life Science
cytotoxicity
ftir
lc-esi-ms
nmr
ramalina sp
usnic acid
title Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.
title_full Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.
title_fullStr Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.
title_full_unstemmed Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.
title_short Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.
title_sort cytotoxic of usnic acid isolated from ramalina sp
topic cytotoxicity
ftir
lc-esi-ms
nmr
ramalina sp
usnic acid
url https://jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/3142
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AT maulidiyah cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp
AT megawati cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp
AT novitaariani cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp
AT sittiaisya cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp
AT sukirno cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp
AT ahmadrandy cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp
AT gianprimahana cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp
AT medihendra cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp
AT muhammadnurdin cytotoxicofusnicacidisolatedfromramalinasp