Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler

This study investigated the effects of reducing organic trace minerals below commercial inclusion levels and compared them with both low-dose and commercial levels of inorganic trace minerals, focusing on growth performance, carcass traits, tibia characteristics, oxidative stress (superoxide dismuta...

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Main Authors: Tassanee Trairatapiwan, Rachakris Lertpatarakomol, Sucheera Chotikatum, Achara Lukkananukool, Jamlong Mitchaothai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2287
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author Tassanee Trairatapiwan
Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
Sucheera Chotikatum
Achara Lukkananukool
Jamlong Mitchaothai
author_facet Tassanee Trairatapiwan
Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
Sucheera Chotikatum
Achara Lukkananukool
Jamlong Mitchaothai
author_sort Tassanee Trairatapiwan
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the effects of reducing organic trace minerals below commercial inclusion levels and compared them with both low-dose and commercial levels of inorganic trace minerals, focusing on growth performance, carcass traits, tibia characteristics, oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), and immune response (serum IgG) in broilers. A total of 384 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: (1) commercial-level inorganic trace minerals (ILI; Zn 100 ppm; Cu 15 ppm; Fe 100 ppm; Mn 80 ppm; Se 0.2 ppm; I 3 ppm); (2) low-level organic trace minerals (LLO; Zn 30 ppm; Cu 4 ppm; Fe 11 ppm; Mn 30 ppm; Se 0.225 ppm; I 3 ppm), and (3) low-level inorganic trace minerals (LLI; Zn 30 ppm; Cu 4 ppm; Fe 11 ppm; Mn 30 ppm; Se 0.2 ppm; I 3 ppm). Each treatment consisted of eight replicates with 16 birds per replicate, and diets were provided in two phases: starter (days 1–21) and grower (days 22–35). The results showed that the LLO group demonstrated a significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter phase, 2.4% better than that of the ILI and LLI groups (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Additionally, filet and thigh muscle yields in the LLO group were higher by 11.9% (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and 13.9% (<i>p</i> = 0.02), respectively, compared to the ILI group. Other carcass traits, as well as pH and drip loss, were not significantly affected. However, tibia breaking strength at day 35 was 15.1% lower in the LLO group compared to the ILI group (<i>p</i> = 0.02). No significant differences were observed in oxidative stress markers or IgG levels among groups. This study demonstrated that reducing the inclusion level of inorganic trace minerals did not negatively affect broiler growth performance, whereas supplementation with low levels of organic trace minerals improved both growth performance and carcass quality.
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spelling doaj-art-1d1fd200da42499f92f55a395a4ce2d12025-08-20T03:02:55ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-08-011515228710.3390/ani15152287Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of BroilerTassanee Trairatapiwan0Rachakris Lertpatarakomol1Sucheera Chotikatum2Achara Lukkananukool3Jamlong Mitchaothai4Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology (MUT), Bangkok 10530, ThailandFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology (MUT), Bangkok 10530, ThailandFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology (MUT), Bangkok 10530, ThailandDepartment of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok 10520, ThailandOffice of Administrative Interdisciplinary Program on Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok 10520, ThailandThis study investigated the effects of reducing organic trace minerals below commercial inclusion levels and compared them with both low-dose and commercial levels of inorganic trace minerals, focusing on growth performance, carcass traits, tibia characteristics, oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), and immune response (serum IgG) in broilers. A total of 384 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: (1) commercial-level inorganic trace minerals (ILI; Zn 100 ppm; Cu 15 ppm; Fe 100 ppm; Mn 80 ppm; Se 0.2 ppm; I 3 ppm); (2) low-level organic trace minerals (LLO; Zn 30 ppm; Cu 4 ppm; Fe 11 ppm; Mn 30 ppm; Se 0.225 ppm; I 3 ppm), and (3) low-level inorganic trace minerals (LLI; Zn 30 ppm; Cu 4 ppm; Fe 11 ppm; Mn 30 ppm; Se 0.2 ppm; I 3 ppm). Each treatment consisted of eight replicates with 16 birds per replicate, and diets were provided in two phases: starter (days 1–21) and grower (days 22–35). The results showed that the LLO group demonstrated a significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter phase, 2.4% better than that of the ILI and LLI groups (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Additionally, filet and thigh muscle yields in the LLO group were higher by 11.9% (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and 13.9% (<i>p</i> = 0.02), respectively, compared to the ILI group. Other carcass traits, as well as pH and drip loss, were not significantly affected. However, tibia breaking strength at day 35 was 15.1% lower in the LLO group compared to the ILI group (<i>p</i> = 0.02). No significant differences were observed in oxidative stress markers or IgG levels among groups. This study demonstrated that reducing the inclusion level of inorganic trace minerals did not negatively affect broiler growth performance, whereas supplementation with low levels of organic trace minerals improved both growth performance and carcass quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2287inorganic mineralsorganic mineraltrace mineralbroiler
spellingShingle Tassanee Trairatapiwan
Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
Sucheera Chotikatum
Achara Lukkananukool
Jamlong Mitchaothai
Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler
Animals
inorganic minerals
organic mineral
trace mineral
broiler
title Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler
title_full Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler
title_fullStr Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler
title_short Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler
title_sort influence of trace mineral sources and levels on growth performance carcass traits bone characteristics oxidative stress and immunity of broiler
topic inorganic minerals
organic mineral
trace mineral
broiler
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2287
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