Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background Half of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain undiagnosed by resting evaluation alone. Therefore, exercise testing is proposed. The diastolic stress test (DST), however, has limited sensitivity. We aimed to determine the clinical significance of addin...

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Main Authors: Jan Verwerft, Jan Stassen, Maarten Falter, Youri Bekhuis, Sarah Hoedemakers, Tin Gojevic, Sara Moura Ferreira, Simon Vanhentenrijk, Sarah Stroobants, Siddharth Jogani, Dominique Hansen, Ruta Jasaityte, Bernard Cosyns, Alexander Van De Bruaene, Philippe B. Bertrand, Rudolf A. de Boer, Andreas B. Gevaert, Frederik H. Verbrugge, Lieven Herbots, Guido Claessen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-08-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.032228
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author Jan Verwerft
Jan Stassen
Maarten Falter
Youri Bekhuis
Sarah Hoedemakers
Tin Gojevic
Sara Moura Ferreira
Simon Vanhentenrijk
Sarah Stroobants
Siddharth Jogani
Dominique Hansen
Ruta Jasaityte
Bernard Cosyns
Alexander Van De Bruaene
Philippe B. Bertrand
Rudolf A. de Boer
Andreas B. Gevaert
Frederik H. Verbrugge
Lieven Herbots
Guido Claessen
author_facet Jan Verwerft
Jan Stassen
Maarten Falter
Youri Bekhuis
Sarah Hoedemakers
Tin Gojevic
Sara Moura Ferreira
Simon Vanhentenrijk
Sarah Stroobants
Siddharth Jogani
Dominique Hansen
Ruta Jasaityte
Bernard Cosyns
Alexander Van De Bruaene
Philippe B. Bertrand
Rudolf A. de Boer
Andreas B. Gevaert
Frederik H. Verbrugge
Lieven Herbots
Guido Claessen
author_sort Jan Verwerft
collection DOAJ
description Background Half of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain undiagnosed by resting evaluation alone. Therefore, exercise testing is proposed. The diastolic stress test (DST), however, has limited sensitivity. We aimed to determine the clinical significance of adding the mean pulmonary artery pressure over cardiac output (mPAP/CO) slope to the DST in suspected HFpEF. Methods and Results In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients (n=1936) with suspected HFpEF underwent exercise echocardiography with simultaneous respiratory gas analysis. These patients were stratified by exercise E over e′ (exE/e′) and mPAP/CO slope, and peak oxygen uptake, natriuretic peptides (NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide]), and score‐based HFpEF likelihood were compared. Twenty‐two percent of patients (n=428) had exE/e′<15 despite a mPAP/CO slope>3 mm Hg/L per min, 24% (n=464) had a positive DST (exE/e′≥15), and 54% (n=1044) had a normal DST and slope. Percentage of predicted oxygen uptake was similar in the group with exE/e′<15 but high mPAP/CO slope and the positive DST group (−2% [−5% to +1%]), yet worse than in those with normal DST and slope (−12% [−14% to −9%]). Patients with exE/e′<15 but a high slope had NT‐proBNP levels and H2FPEF (heavy, hypertensive, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, elder; filling pressure) scores intermediate to the positive DST group and the group with both a normal DST and slope. Conclusions Twenty‐two percent of patients with suspected HFpEF presented with a mPAP/CO slope>3 mm Hg/L per min despite a negative DST. These patients had HFpEF characteristics and a peak oxygen uptake as low as patients with a positive DST. Therefore, an elevated mPAP/CO slope might indicate HFpEF irrespective of the DST result.
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spelling doaj-art-1d13c3c29d1449e1a7e8cb12dec19fef2025-08-20T02:27:46ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802024-08-01131510.1161/JAHA.123.032228Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection FractionJan Verwerft0Jan Stassen1Maarten Falter2Youri Bekhuis3Sarah Hoedemakers4Tin Gojevic5Sara Moura Ferreira6Simon Vanhentenrijk7Sarah Stroobants8Siddharth Jogani9Dominique Hansen10Ruta Jasaityte11Bernard Cosyns12Alexander Van De Bruaene13Philippe B. Bertrand14Rudolf A. de Boer15Andreas B. Gevaert16Frederik H. Verbrugge17Lieven Herbots18Guido Claessen19Department of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumFaculty of Rehabilitation Sciences REVAL/BIOMED, Hasselt University Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumCentre for Cardiovascular Diseases University Hospital Brussels Jette BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumFaculty of Medicine and Life Sciences Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The NetherlandsResearch Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department University of Antwerp BelgiumCentre for Cardiovascular Diseases University Hospital Brussels Jette BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumDepartment of Cardiology Jessa Hospital Hasselt BelgiumBackground Half of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain undiagnosed by resting evaluation alone. Therefore, exercise testing is proposed. The diastolic stress test (DST), however, has limited sensitivity. We aimed to determine the clinical significance of adding the mean pulmonary artery pressure over cardiac output (mPAP/CO) slope to the DST in suspected HFpEF. Methods and Results In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients (n=1936) with suspected HFpEF underwent exercise echocardiography with simultaneous respiratory gas analysis. These patients were stratified by exercise E over e′ (exE/e′) and mPAP/CO slope, and peak oxygen uptake, natriuretic peptides (NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide]), and score‐based HFpEF likelihood were compared. Twenty‐two percent of patients (n=428) had exE/e′<15 despite a mPAP/CO slope>3 mm Hg/L per min, 24% (n=464) had a positive DST (exE/e′≥15), and 54% (n=1044) had a normal DST and slope. Percentage of predicted oxygen uptake was similar in the group with exE/e′<15 but high mPAP/CO slope and the positive DST group (−2% [−5% to +1%]), yet worse than in those with normal DST and slope (−12% [−14% to −9%]). Patients with exE/e′<15 but a high slope had NT‐proBNP levels and H2FPEF (heavy, hypertensive, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, elder; filling pressure) scores intermediate to the positive DST group and the group with both a normal DST and slope. Conclusions Twenty‐two percent of patients with suspected HFpEF presented with a mPAP/CO slope>3 mm Hg/L per min despite a negative DST. These patients had HFpEF characteristics and a peak oxygen uptake as low as patients with a positive DST. Therefore, an elevated mPAP/CO slope might indicate HFpEF irrespective of the DST result.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.032228diastolic heart failuredyspneaexercise testingHFpEFpulmonary hypertensionstress echocardiography
spellingShingle Jan Verwerft
Jan Stassen
Maarten Falter
Youri Bekhuis
Sarah Hoedemakers
Tin Gojevic
Sara Moura Ferreira
Simon Vanhentenrijk
Sarah Stroobants
Siddharth Jogani
Dominique Hansen
Ruta Jasaityte
Bernard Cosyns
Alexander Van De Bruaene
Philippe B. Bertrand
Rudolf A. de Boer
Andreas B. Gevaert
Frederik H. Verbrugge
Lieven Herbots
Guido Claessen
Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
diastolic heart failure
dyspnea
exercise testing
HFpEF
pulmonary hypertension
stress echocardiography
title Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
title_full Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
title_fullStr Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
title_short Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
title_sort clinical significance of exercise pulmonary hypertension with a negative diastolic stress test for suspected heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
topic diastolic heart failure
dyspnea
exercise testing
HFpEF
pulmonary hypertension
stress echocardiography
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.032228
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