Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and Disease
Stem cell-derived neurons from various source materials present unique model systems to examine the fundamental properties of central nervous system (CNS) development as well as the molecular underpinnings of disease phenotypes. In order to more accurately assess potential therapies for neurological...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Stem Cells International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4190438 |
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| author | Jason P. Weick |
| author_facet | Jason P. Weick |
| author_sort | Jason P. Weick |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stem cell-derived neurons from various source materials present unique model systems to examine the fundamental properties of central nervous system (CNS) development as well as the molecular underpinnings of disease phenotypes. In order to more accurately assess potential therapies for neurological disorders, multiple strategies have been employed in recent years to produce neuronal populations that accurately represent in vivo regional and transmitter phenotypes. These include new technologies such as direct conversion of somatic cell types into neurons and glia which may accelerate maturation and retain genetic hallmarks of aging. In addition, novel forms of genetic manipulations have brought human stem cells nearly on par with those of rodent with respect to gene targeting. For neurons of the CNS, the ultimate phenotypic characterization lies with their ability to recapitulate functional properties such as passive and active membrane characteristics, synaptic activity, and plasticity. These features critically depend on the coordinated expression and localization of hundreds of ion channels and receptors, as well as scaffolding and signaling molecules. In this review I will highlight the current state of knowledge regarding functional properties of human stem cell-derived neurons, with a primary focus on pluripotent stem cells. While significant advances have been made, critical hurdles must be overcome in order for this technology to support progression toward clinical applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1d0e09a2a5d548cd894406843d6f2415 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-966X 1687-9678 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cells International |
| spelling | doaj-art-1d0e09a2a5d548cd894406843d6f24152025-02-03T06:12:14ZengWileyStem Cells International1687-966X1687-96782016-01-01201610.1155/2016/41904384190438Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and DiseaseJason P. Weick0Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Fitz Hall Room 145, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USAStem cell-derived neurons from various source materials present unique model systems to examine the fundamental properties of central nervous system (CNS) development as well as the molecular underpinnings of disease phenotypes. In order to more accurately assess potential therapies for neurological disorders, multiple strategies have been employed in recent years to produce neuronal populations that accurately represent in vivo regional and transmitter phenotypes. These include new technologies such as direct conversion of somatic cell types into neurons and glia which may accelerate maturation and retain genetic hallmarks of aging. In addition, novel forms of genetic manipulations have brought human stem cells nearly on par with those of rodent with respect to gene targeting. For neurons of the CNS, the ultimate phenotypic characterization lies with their ability to recapitulate functional properties such as passive and active membrane characteristics, synaptic activity, and plasticity. These features critically depend on the coordinated expression and localization of hundreds of ion channels and receptors, as well as scaffolding and signaling molecules. In this review I will highlight the current state of knowledge regarding functional properties of human stem cell-derived neurons, with a primary focus on pluripotent stem cells. While significant advances have been made, critical hurdles must be overcome in order for this technology to support progression toward clinical applications.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4190438 |
| spellingShingle | Jason P. Weick Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and Disease Stem Cells International |
| title | Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and Disease |
| title_full | Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and Disease |
| title_fullStr | Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and Disease |
| title_short | Functional Properties of Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Health and Disease |
| title_sort | functional properties of human stem cell derived neurons in health and disease |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4190438 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jasonpweick functionalpropertiesofhumanstemcellderivedneuronsinhealthanddisease |