Development and flight-testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the ISS

Abstract Cultivation of microorganisms in space has enormous potential to enable in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) Here, we develop an autonomous payload with fully programmable serial passaging and sample preservation, termed the Modular Open Biological Platform (MOBP), and flight-test the MOBP a...

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Main Authors: Xin Liu, Pat Pataranutaporn, Benjamin Fram, Allison Z. Werner, Sunanda Sharma, Nicholas P. Gauthier, Erika Erickson, Patrick Chwalek, Kelsey J. Ramirez, Morgan A. Ingraham, Natasha P. Murphy, Krista A. Ryon, Braden T. Tierney, Gregg T. Beckham, Christopher E. Mason, Ariel Ekblaw
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:npj Microgravity
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00463-2
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author Xin Liu
Pat Pataranutaporn
Benjamin Fram
Allison Z. Werner
Sunanda Sharma
Nicholas P. Gauthier
Erika Erickson
Patrick Chwalek
Kelsey J. Ramirez
Morgan A. Ingraham
Natasha P. Murphy
Krista A. Ryon
Braden T. Tierney
Gregg T. Beckham
Christopher E. Mason
Ariel Ekblaw
author_facet Xin Liu
Pat Pataranutaporn
Benjamin Fram
Allison Z. Werner
Sunanda Sharma
Nicholas P. Gauthier
Erika Erickson
Patrick Chwalek
Kelsey J. Ramirez
Morgan A. Ingraham
Natasha P. Murphy
Krista A. Ryon
Braden T. Tierney
Gregg T. Beckham
Christopher E. Mason
Ariel Ekblaw
author_sort Xin Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cultivation of microorganisms in space has enormous potential to enable in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) Here, we develop an autonomous payload with fully programmable serial passaging and sample preservation, termed the Modular Open Biological Platform (MOBP), and flight-test the MOBP aboard the International Space Station (ISS) by conducting enzymatic and microbial plastics upcycling experiments. The MOBP is a compact, modular bioreactor system that allows for sustained microbial growth via automated media transfers, such as those for sample collection and storage for terrestrial analyses, and precise data monitoring from integrated sensors. The MOBP was flight-tested with two experiments designed to evaluate biological upcycling of the plastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The bioproduct βKA can be polymerized into a nylon-6,6 analog with improved properties for use in the production of a variety of materials. We posit the MOBP will aid in democratizing the execution of synthetic biology in spaceflight towards enabling ISRU.
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spelling doaj-art-1d073a3ee5eb463d891ea8acb1965ef32025-08-20T03:27:18ZengNature Portfolionpj Microgravity2373-80652025-06-0111111010.1038/s41526-025-00463-2Development and flight-testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the ISSXin Liu0Pat Pataranutaporn1Benjamin Fram2Allison Z. Werner3Sunanda Sharma4Nicholas P. Gauthier5Erika Erickson6Patrick Chwalek7Kelsey J. Ramirez8Morgan A. Ingraham9Natasha P. Murphy10Krista A. Ryon11Braden T. Tierney12Gregg T. Beckham13Christopher E. Mason14Ariel Ekblaw15MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences CenterMIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences CenterMIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences CenterNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences CenterNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences CenterDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell MedicineNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences CenterDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell MedicineMIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAbstract Cultivation of microorganisms in space has enormous potential to enable in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) Here, we develop an autonomous payload with fully programmable serial passaging and sample preservation, termed the Modular Open Biological Platform (MOBP), and flight-test the MOBP aboard the International Space Station (ISS) by conducting enzymatic and microbial plastics upcycling experiments. The MOBP is a compact, modular bioreactor system that allows for sustained microbial growth via automated media transfers, such as those for sample collection and storage for terrestrial analyses, and precise data monitoring from integrated sensors. The MOBP was flight-tested with two experiments designed to evaluate biological upcycling of the plastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The bioproduct βKA can be polymerized into a nylon-6,6 analog with improved properties for use in the production of a variety of materials. We posit the MOBP will aid in democratizing the execution of synthetic biology in spaceflight towards enabling ISRU.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00463-2
spellingShingle Xin Liu
Pat Pataranutaporn
Benjamin Fram
Allison Z. Werner
Sunanda Sharma
Nicholas P. Gauthier
Erika Erickson
Patrick Chwalek
Kelsey J. Ramirez
Morgan A. Ingraham
Natasha P. Murphy
Krista A. Ryon
Braden T. Tierney
Gregg T. Beckham
Christopher E. Mason
Ariel Ekblaw
Development and flight-testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the ISS
npj Microgravity
title Development and flight-testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the ISS
title_full Development and flight-testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the ISS
title_fullStr Development and flight-testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the ISS
title_full_unstemmed Development and flight-testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the ISS
title_short Development and flight-testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the ISS
title_sort development and flight testing of modular autonomous cultivation systems for biological plastics upcycling aboard the iss
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00463-2
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