Free-space Coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector System based on GM Cryocooler

【Objective】This study aims to design and implement a free-space-coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector (SNSPD) system based on a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler, addressing the limitations of traditional fiber-coupled systems in near/mid-infrared bands and polarization-sensitive ap...

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Main Authors: JU Zhiping, QIN Jian, MA Ruoyan, JIANG Yanyang, WANG Minjie, YE Dapeng, XU Guangzhao, XING Junjie, XIAO You, LI Hao, SHI Jinghao, YOU Lixing, LÜ Chaolin
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: 《光通信研究》编辑部 2025-06-01
Series:Guangtongxin yanjiu
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Online Access:http://www.gtxyj.com.cn/thesisDetails#10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250083
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author JU Zhiping
QIN Jian
MA Ruoyan
JIANG Yanyang
WANG Minjie
YE Dapeng
XU Guangzhao
XING Junjie
XIAO You
LI Hao
SHI Jinghao
YOU Lixing
LÜ Chaolin
author_facet JU Zhiping
QIN Jian
MA Ruoyan
JIANG Yanyang
WANG Minjie
YE Dapeng
XU Guangzhao
XING Junjie
XIAO You
LI Hao
SHI Jinghao
YOU Lixing
LÜ Chaolin
author_sort JU Zhiping
collection DOAJ
description 【Objective】This study aims to design and implement a free-space-coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector (SNSPD) system based on a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler, addressing the limitations of traditional fiber-coupled systems in near/mid-infrared bands and polarization-sensitive applications, and thereby expanding the application scenarios of SNSPDs.【Methods】The paper focuses on addressing several key technical issues, including the design of low-vibration constant-temperature cavities, the preparation of SNSPD devices in high-temperature zones, and the design of filtering optical paths across temperature zones. Specifically, the low-vibration cryostat, combined with gas exchange chambers and bellows flexible connection technology, effectively suppresses the vibration transmission from the refrigerator. The SNSPD chip achieves high detection efficiency in the 4.2 K temperature zone by adjusting and optimizing the growth parameters of the disordered Niobium Titanium Nitride (NbTiN) thin film. The cross-temperature-zone filtering optical path successfully suppresses environmental stray light and blackbody radiation by using a combination of various commercial filter plates and oxidation-blackening treatment of the packaging box.【Results】The low-vibration refrigerator can reach a lowest temperature of 3.45 K, and can be stabilized at 3.75 K for a long time. The peak-to-peak value of the vibration amplitude is less than 4 μm. The optical alignment efficiency is close to 90%, and the System Detection Efficiency (SDE) can reach 50% at the lowest temperature. At this time, the Dark Count Rate (DCR) of the system is 70 cps.【Conclusion】This study successfully developed a GM cryocooler-based free-space-coupled SNSPD system, overcoming the technical limitations of traditional fiber-coupled systems in specific applications. The system exhibits excellent wavelength versatility, flexible signal-light coupling tunability, and superior polarization-maintaining performance. Future optimization of operating temperature, device fabrication processes, and customized filter design is expected to achieve higher SDE and lower DCR.
format Article
id doaj-art-1cfcec883c9445948834aacc1bcc5e37
institution OA Journals
issn 1005-8788
language zho
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher 《光通信研究》编辑部
record_format Article
series Guangtongxin yanjiu
spelling doaj-art-1cfcec883c9445948834aacc1bcc5e372025-08-20T02:36:45Zzho《光通信研究》编辑部Guangtongxin yanjiu1005-87882025-06-01250083-06111126676Free-space Coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector System based on GM CryocoolerJU ZhipingQIN JianMA RuoyanJIANG YanyangWANG MinjieYE DapengXU GuangzhaoXING JunjieXIAO YouLI HaoSHI JinghaoYOU LixingLÜ Chaolin【Objective】This study aims to design and implement a free-space-coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector (SNSPD) system based on a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler, addressing the limitations of traditional fiber-coupled systems in near/mid-infrared bands and polarization-sensitive applications, and thereby expanding the application scenarios of SNSPDs.【Methods】The paper focuses on addressing several key technical issues, including the design of low-vibration constant-temperature cavities, the preparation of SNSPD devices in high-temperature zones, and the design of filtering optical paths across temperature zones. Specifically, the low-vibration cryostat, combined with gas exchange chambers and bellows flexible connection technology, effectively suppresses the vibration transmission from the refrigerator. The SNSPD chip achieves high detection efficiency in the 4.2 K temperature zone by adjusting and optimizing the growth parameters of the disordered Niobium Titanium Nitride (NbTiN) thin film. The cross-temperature-zone filtering optical path successfully suppresses environmental stray light and blackbody radiation by using a combination of various commercial filter plates and oxidation-blackening treatment of the packaging box.【Results】The low-vibration refrigerator can reach a lowest temperature of 3.45 K, and can be stabilized at 3.75 K for a long time. The peak-to-peak value of the vibration amplitude is less than 4 μm. The optical alignment efficiency is close to 90%, and the System Detection Efficiency (SDE) can reach 50% at the lowest temperature. At this time, the Dark Count Rate (DCR) of the system is 70 cps.【Conclusion】This study successfully developed a GM cryocooler-based free-space-coupled SNSPD system, overcoming the technical limitations of traditional fiber-coupled systems in specific applications. The system exhibits excellent wavelength versatility, flexible signal-light coupling tunability, and superior polarization-maintaining performance. Future optimization of operating temperature, device fabrication processes, and customized filter design is expected to achieve higher SDE and lower DCR.http://www.gtxyj.com.cn/thesisDetails#10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250083free-space-couplingSNSPDlow vibrationGM cryocooler
spellingShingle JU Zhiping
QIN Jian
MA Ruoyan
JIANG Yanyang
WANG Minjie
YE Dapeng
XU Guangzhao
XING Junjie
XIAO You
LI Hao
SHI Jinghao
YOU Lixing
LÜ Chaolin
Free-space Coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector System based on GM Cryocooler
Guangtongxin yanjiu
free-space-coupling
SNSPD
low vibration
GM cryocooler
title Free-space Coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector System based on GM Cryocooler
title_full Free-space Coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector System based on GM Cryocooler
title_fullStr Free-space Coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector System based on GM Cryocooler
title_full_unstemmed Free-space Coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector System based on GM Cryocooler
title_short Free-space Coupled Superconducting Nanostrip Single Photon Detector System based on GM Cryocooler
title_sort free space coupled superconducting nanostrip single photon detector system based on gm cryocooler
topic free-space-coupling
SNSPD
low vibration
GM cryocooler
url http://www.gtxyj.com.cn/thesisDetails#10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250083
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